The field swelling and mirror modes: connection of the two instabilities

A theory of zero frequency and low growth rate llower than the ion cyclotron frequencyr modes in homogeneous plasmas with temperature anisotropies is presented. These modes are considered to propagate at large angles to the ambient magnetic field and are electromagnetic in nature. From the analysis of a general dispersion relation, with arbitrary electron to ion temperature ratio TesTi, it is found that the mirror lTe→0r and field swelling lTi→0r modes are smoothly connected. Thus an anisotropic homogeneous plasma will always relax via one of these instabilities las well as through the fieldhaligned ion cyclotron instabilitiesr for any value of TesTi, provided electron andsor ion temperature anisotropies exceed the required thresholds ldetermined in the Te e 0 and Ti e 0 limitsr. This broadens the applicability of this mechanism for producing lowhfrequency waves in space plasmas, since a cold species is no longer essential for plasmas with little or no spatial ldensity andsor temperaturer gradients.

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