Design principles for virtual patients: a focus group study among students

Objectives  This study aimed to examine what students perceive as the ideal features of virtual patient (VP) design in order to foster learning with a special focus on clinical reasoning.

[1]  Norman B Berman,et al.  Multi-institutional Development and Utilization of a Computer-Assisted Learning Program for the Pediatrics Clerkship: The CLIPP Project , 2005, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[2]  J. Bowen Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[3]  M. Bearman,et al.  Random comparison of ‘virtual patient’ models in the context of teaching clinical communication skills , 2001, Medical education.

[4]  G. Bordage,et al.  Promoting diagnostic problem representation , 2002, Medical education.

[5]  Luann K. Stemler,et al.  Educational characteristics of multimedia: a literature review , 1997 .

[6]  Richard E. Mayer,et al.  The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning: Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning , 2005 .

[7]  Jan Herrington,et al.  Authentic E-Learning in higher education: Design principles for authentic learning environments and tasks , 2006 .

[8]  D. Cook The Research We Still Are Not Doing: An Agenda for the Study of Computer-Based Learning , 2005, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[9]  David A Cook,et al.  Impact of Self-Assessment Questions and Learning Styles in Web-Based Learning: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial , 2006, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[10]  G Bordage,et al.  Why did I miss the diagnosis? Some cognitive explanations and educational implications. , 1999, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[11]  KIMBERLY A. LAWLESS,et al.  Multimedia learning environments: Issues of learner control and navigation , 1997 .

[12]  L. Niemi‐Murola The Association for Medical Education in Europe , 1982, British journal of medical education.

[13]  A. Ziv,et al.  Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review , 2005, Medical teacher.

[14]  Nabil Zary,et al.  Development, implementation and pilot evaluation of a Web-based Virtual Patient Case Simulation environment – Web-SP , 2006, BMC medical education.

[15]  C. Vleuten,et al.  Computerized long‐menu questions as an alternative to open‐ended questions in computerized assessment , 1996, Medical education.

[16]  Richard Mayer,et al.  Multimedia Learning , 2001, Visible Learning Guide to Student Achievement.

[17]  G. Norman Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends , 2005, Medical education.

[18]  Chris Candler,et al.  Virtual Patient Simulation at U.S. and Canadian Medical Schools , 2007, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[19]  D. Cook,et al.  Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. , 2008, JAMA.

[20]  S. L. Leong,et al.  Integrating Web‐based Computer Cases into a Required Clerkship: Development and Evaluation , 2003, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[21]  Janet Mancini Billson,et al.  Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research , 1989 .

[22]  Camillan Huang,et al.  Designing high-quality interactive multimedia learning modules. , 2005, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[23]  Sebastian Garde,et al.  CAMPUS—computer-based training in medicine as part of a problem-oriented educational strategy , 2005 .

[24]  Margaret Bearman,et al.  Comparing Student Attitudes to Different Models of the Same Virtual Patient , 2001, MedInfo.

[25]  Nicholas J. C. King,et al.  Evaluation of a Diagnostic Reasoning Program (DxR): Exploring Student Perceptions and Addressing Faculty Concerns , 1998 .

[26]  Linda Pinsky,et al.  A conceptual framework for developing teaching cases: a review and synthesis of the literature across disciplines , 2006, Medical education.

[27]  L. Cronbach,et al.  Aptitude and instructional methods , 1977 .

[28]  K. Eva What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning , 2005, Medical education.

[29]  Tiffany Grunwald,et al.  Guidelines for cognitively efficient multimedia learning tools: educational strategies, cognitive load, and interface design. , 2006, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[30]  Uno Fors,et al.  Building a virtual patient commons , 2008, Medical teacher.