Genome-wide signatures of male-mediated migration shaping the Indian gene pool

Multiple questions relating to contributions of cultural and demographical factors in the process of human geographical dispersal remain largely unanswered. India, a land of early human settlement and the resulting diversity is a good place to look for some of the answers. In this study, we explored the genetic structure of India using a diverse panel of 78 males genotyped using the GenoChip. Their genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity was examined in the context of various covariates that influence Indian gene pool. Admixture analysis of genome-wide SNP data showed high proportion of the Southwest Asian component in all of the Indian samples. Hierarchical clustering based on admixture proportions revealed seven distinct clusters correlating to geographical and linguistic affiliations. Convex hull overlay of Y-chromosomal haplogroups on the genome-wide SNP principal component analysis brought out distinct non-overlapping polygons of F*-M89, H*-M69, L1-M27, O2a-M95 and O3a3c1-M117, suggesting a male-mediated migration and expansion of the Indian gene pool. Lack of similar correlation with mitochondrial DNA clades indicated a shared genetic ancestry of females. We suggest that ancient male-mediated migratory events and settlement in various regional niches led to the present day scenario and peopling of India.

Li Jin | Laxmi Parida | Tatiana V Tatarinova | Jaume Bertranpetit | David Comas | Matthew C Dulik | Lluis Quintana-Murci | Nirav C Merchant | Nirav C. Merchant | Alan Cooper | Colin Renfrew | Chris Tyler-Smith | Petr Triska | R. J. Mitchell | R John Mitchell | V. S. Arun | Himla Soodyall | C. Tyler-Smith | Asif Javed | E. Matisoo-Smith | J. Ziegle | R. Pitchappan | E. Balanovska | O. Balanovsky | D. Comas | Marta Melé | J. Bertranpetit | C. Renfrew | L. Parida | A. Royyuru | T. Tatarinova | D. Platt | Marc Haber | A. Cooper | W. Haak | T. Schurr | H. Soodyall | L. Quintana-Murci | P. Zalloua | Li Jin | G. ArunKumar | Shilin Li | P. Tříska | Andrew C. Clarke | M. Vilar | F. R. Santos | Bennett Greenspan | R. Spencer Wells | R. Wells | Asif Javed | Wolfgang Haak | M. Dulik | Daniel E Platt | Marc Haber | R Spencer Wells | Pierre A Zalloua | Ramasamy Pitchappan | Ajay K Royyuru | Angela Hobbs | Fabrício R Santos | Oleg Balanovsky | Marta Melé | Andrew C Clarke | Janet S Ziegle | Shilin Li | Elena Balanovska | GaneshPrasad ArunKumar | Jeff Duty | Debra Rollo | Adhikarla Syama | Varatharajan Santhakumari Arun | Valampuri John Kavitha | Bennett Greenspan | Christina J Elena Oleg Jaume Andrew C David Alan Clio SI Mat Adlera Balanovska Balanovsky Bertranpet | Christina J Adlera | Clio SI Der Sarkissian | Jill B Gaieski | Angela Hobbs | Matthew E Kaplan | Begoña Martínez-Cruz | Elizabeth A Matisoo-Smith | Amanda C Owings | Daniela R Lacerda | Theodore G Schurr | David F Soria Hernanz | Pandikumar Swamikrishnan | Pedro Paulo Vieira | Miguel G Vilar | R Spencer Wells | David F. Soria Hernanz | A. Owings | A. Syama | M. Kaplan | D. R. Lacerda | Clio Der Sarkissian | Pandikumar Swamikrishnan | V. Kavitha | J. Duty | B. Martínez-Cruz | P. Vieira | Debra Rollo | Christina J Elena Oleg Jaume Andrew C David Alan Clio SI Mat Adlera Balanovska Balanovsky Bertranpet

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