Robotic Assistance and Intervention in Spine Surgery

Robotic assistance and intervention methods have now been in use in several surgical specialties for nearly three decades. While image guided surgery for orthopedics (led by such developments as the Integrated Surgical Systems Inc. ROBODOC system) lead early clinical application, it is laparoscopic and telesurgical robotic applications (such as with the Intuitive Surgical Inc. da Vinci surgical systems) that have found the widest clinical and user acceptance. Orthopedic and neurosurgical robotic systems have yet to be widely applied as robotic assistance systems (such as Mazor Robotics SpineAssist or Renaissance systems) have only been recently approved for clinical use. Given the large volume of spinal procedures such as pedicle screw placement for spinal fusion, vertebroplasties, osteotomies, biopsies and other spinal surgeries several other image-guided robotic systems are in advanced research and development. The goals of these devices include improving the efficacy and safety (including radiation safety) for both the patient and the surgeon. This survey includes recent development and results for these robotic applications.

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