Continuing medical education for general practitioners: a practice format

Introduction Our current knowledge-based society and the many actualisations within the medical profession require a great responsibility of physicians to continuously develop and refine their skills. In this article, we reflect on some recent findings in the field of continuing education for professional doctors (continuing medical education, CME). Second, we describe the development of a CME from the Academic Center for General Practice (ACHG) of the KU Leuven. Methods First, we performed a literature study and we used unpublished data of a need assessment performed (2013) in a selected group of general practitioners. Second, we describe the development of a proposal to establish a CME programme for general practitioners. Results CME should go beyond the sheer acquisition of knowledge, and also seek changes in practice, attitudes and behaviours of physicians. The continuing education offerings are subject to the goals of the organising institution, but even more to the needs and desires of the end user. Conclusions Integrated education is crucial to meet the conditions for efficient and effective continuing education. The ACHG KU Leuven decided to offer a postgraduate programme consisting of a combination of teaching methods: online courses (self-study), contact courses (traditional method) and a materials database.

[1]  R. Drake,et al.  What is evidence? , 2004, Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America.

[2]  B. Christiansen,et al.  Advancing Public Health Through Continuing Education of Health Care Professionals , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[3]  Questions Asked by Physicians as the Basis for Continuing Education Needs Assessment , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[4]  E. Holmboe,et al.  Self-assessment in lifelong learning and improving performance in practice: physician know thyself. , 2006, JAMA.

[5]  J. Shumway,et al.  AMEE Guide No. 25: The assessment of learning outcomes for the competent and reflective physician , 2003, Medical teacher.

[6]  M. Rosenblatt The educational effectiveness of problem-based learning discussions as evaluated by learner-assessed satisfaction and practice change. , 2004, Journal of clinical anesthesia.

[7]  Vernon Curran,et al.  A framework for enhancing continuing medical education for rural physicians: A summary of the literature , 2010, Medical teacher.

[8]  G. Petersson,et al.  World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) Guidelines for using Computers in Medical Education , 1998, Medical education.

[9]  Katarzyna Czabanowska,et al.  Development of a Competency Framework for Quality Improvement in Family Medicine: A Qualitative Study , 2012, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[10]  M. Schmitt,et al.  Integrating interprofessional education into continuing education: a planning process for continuing interprofessional education programs. , 2013, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[11]  Mark Robinson,et al.  An investigation into the perceptions of primary care practitioners of their education and development needs for communicating with patients who may not be fluent in English. , 2003, Nurse education today.

[12]  David Price,et al.  Continuing medical education, quality improvement, and organizational change: implications of recent theories for twenty-first-century CME , 2005, Medical teacher.

[13]  I. Silver,et al.  Competency-based continuing professional development , 2010, Medical teacher.

[14]  R. P. Regala,et al.  Improving CME: using participant satisfaction measures to specify educational methods. , 2013, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[15]  Dave Davis,et al.  Does CME Work? An Analysis of the Effect of Educational Activities on Physician Performance or Health Care Outcomes , 1998, International journal of psychiatry in medicine.

[16]  The level playing field: the impact of assessment practice on professional development , 2012, Medical education.

[17]  Virginia A. Reed,et al.  Motivating Learning and Assessing Outcomes in Continuing Medical Education Using a Personal Learning Plan , 2012, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[18]  Sheila Robertson,et al.  Developing Clinical Competencies to Assess Learning Needs and Outcomes: The Experience of the CS2day Initiative , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[19]  Virginia A. Reed,et al.  Enhancing Practice Improvement by Facilitating Practitioner Interactivity: New Roles for Providers of Continuing Medical Education , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[20]  Nima Hemmati,et al.  A Comparison Of Internet-Based Learning And Traditional Classroom Lecture To Learn Cpr For Continuing Medical Education , 2013 .

[21]  S. Murray,et al.  Needs assessment in general practice. , 1996, Occasional paper.

[22]  D. Cook,et al.  Instructional Design Variations in Internet-Based Learning for Health Professions Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2010, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[23]  John Schostak,et al.  ‘Effectiveness of Continuing Professional Development’ project: A summary of findings , 2010, Medical teacher.

[24]  S. Rhee Factors Determining the Quality of Physician Performance in Patient Care , 1976, Medical care.

[25]  J. T. Balmer,et al.  The relevance of the alliance for CME competencies for planning, organizing, and sustaining an interorganizational educational collaborative. , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[26]  H. Levine,et al.  Rating habitual performance in graduate medical education. , 1971, Journal of medical education.

[27]  T. Greenhalgh,et al.  What is evidence? Reflections on the AMEE symposium, Vienna, August 2011 , 2012, Medical teacher.

[28]  I C McManus,et al.  Linking assessment to learning: a new route to quality assurance in medical practice , 2002, Medical education.

[29]  M. Knowles Gearing adult education for the seventies. , 1970, Journal of continuing education in nursing.

[30]  Robert Fletcher,et al.  Systematic Review: The Relationship between Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care , 2005, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[31]  R Jones,et al.  Does continuing medical education in general practice make a difference? , 1999, BMJ.

[32]  Darren Pullen,et al.  Doctors online: Learning using an internet based content management system , 2013 .

[33]  David A Cook,et al.  Web-based learning a systematic review of the variability of interventions , 2011 .

[34]  M. Knowles Application in continuing education for the health professions: chapter five of "Andragogy in Action". , 1985, Mobius.

[35]  Marianna B. Shershneva,et al.  Peering Inside the Clock: Using Success Case Method to Determine How and Why Practice‐Based Educational Interventions Succeed , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[36]  Peter Toon,et al.  What is evidence? , 2014, London journal of primary care.

[37]  C. Olson,et al.  Factors Contributing to Successful Interorganizational Collaboration: The Case of CS2day , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[38]  J. Illing,et al.  Can a postgraduate course for general practitioners deliver perceived benefit for learners, patients and the NHS?: a qualitative study , 2002, Medical teacher.

[39]  Pierre Frémont,et al.  Feasibility of a Knowledge Translation CME Program: Courriels Cochrane , 2012, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[40]  Reza Karimi,et al.  Interface between problem-based learning and a learner-centered paradigm , 2011, Advances in medical education and practice.

[41]  C. Olson,et al.  Didactic CME and practice change: don’t throw that baby out quite yet , 2011, Advances in Health Sciences Education.

[42]  P. Vedsted,et al.  Continuing medical education and burnout among Danish GPs. , 2008, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[43]  D. Davis,et al.  Continuing medical education: AMEE Education Guide No 35 , 2008, Medical teacher.

[44]  D. Levine,et al.  Trends in medical education research: past, present, and future. , 1974, Journal of Medical Education.

[45]  L. Bakken,et al.  Identifying the Educationally Influential Physician: A Systematic Review of Approaches , 2011, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.