Arnor: Modeling Social Intelligence via Norms to Engineer Privacy-Aware Personal Agents

We seek to address the challenge of engineering socially intelligent personal agents that are privacy-aware. We propose Arnor, a method, including a metamodel based on social constructs. Arnor incorporates social norms and goes beyond existing agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methods by systematically capturing how a personal agent's actions influence the social experience it delivers. We conduct two empirical studies to evaluate Arnor. First, via a multiphase developer study, we show that Arnor simplifies application development. Second, via simulation experiments, we show that Arnor provides improved privacy-preserving social experience to end users than personal agents engineered using a traditional AOSE method.

[1]  Toshiharu Sugawara,et al.  Emergence and Stability of Social Conventions in Conflict Situations , 2011, IJCAI.

[2]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Kokomo: an empirically evaluated methodology for affective applications , 2011, AAMAS.

[3]  Chris Reed,et al.  Argumentation Schemes , 2008 .

[4]  Ann Nowé,et al.  A decentralized approach for convention emergence in multi-agent systems , 2013, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[5]  Koen V. Hindriks,et al.  A Semantic Framework for Socially Adaptive Agents: Towards strong norm compliance , 2015, AAMAS.

[6]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Decentralised Norm Monitoring in Open Multi-Agent Systems: (Extended Abstract) , 2016, AAMAS.

[7]  Raian Ali,et al.  Reasoning with contextual requirements: Detecting inconsistency and conflicts , 2013, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[8]  Minjie Zhang,et al.  Emergence of social norms through collective learning in networked agent societies , 2013, AAMAS.

[9]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  From Social Machines to Social Protocols: Software Engineering Foundations for Sociotechnical Systems , 2016, WWW.

[10]  George F. List,et al.  Silk: A Simulation Study of Regulating Open Normative Multiagent Systems , 2016, IJCAI.

[11]  Natalia Criado,et al.  Selective Norm Monitoring , 2016, IJCAI.

[12]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon,et al.  Argumentation in artificial intelligence , 2007, Artif. Intell..

[13]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Xipho: extending tropos to engineer context-aware personal agents , 2014, AAMAS.

[14]  Jordi Sabater-Mir,et al.  Punish and Voice: Punishment Enhances Cooperation when Combined with Norm-Signalling , 2013, PloS one.

[15]  Jun Sun,et al.  Designing minimal effective normative systems with the help of lightweight formal methods , 2016, SIGSOFT FSE.

[16]  Sandip Sen,et al.  Robust convention emergence in social networks through self-reinforcing structures dissolution , 2013, TAAS.

[17]  Jose M. Such,et al.  Sharing Policies in Multiuser Privacy Scenarios: Incorporating Context, Preferences, and Arguments in Decision Making , 2016 .

[18]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Revani: Revising and Verifying Normative Specifications for Privacy , 2016, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[19]  Sandip Sen,et al.  Emergence of Norms through Social Learning , 2007, IJCAI.

[20]  Leon Sterling,et al.  Integrating social modelling and agent interaction through goal-oriented analysis , 2006, Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng..

[21]  Daniel J. Solove.  A Taxonomy of Privacy , 2006 .

[22]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology , 2004, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[23]  Frank Dignum,et al.  An Agent Model for the Appraisal of Normative Events Based in In-Group and Out-Group Relations , 2013, AAAI.

[24]  Wamberto Weber Vasconcelos,et al.  Group Norms for Multi-Agent Organisations , 2016, ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst..

[25]  Jaime Simão Sichman,et al.  Classifying sanctions and designing a conceptual sanctioning process model for socio-technical systems , 2016, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[26]  Rada Chirkova,et al.  Coco: Runtime Reasoning about Conflicting Commitments , 2016, IJCAI.

[27]  Victor R. Lesser,et al.  Creating Socially Adaptive Electronic Partners: Interaction, Reasoning and Ethical Challenges , 2015, AAMAS.

[28]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  The Gaia Methodology for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design , 2000, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[29]  Munindar P. Singh,et al.  Engineering Privacy in Social Applications , 2016, IEEE Internet Computing.

[30]  Munindar P. Singh.  Norms as a basis for governing sociotechnical systems , 2013, IJCAI.