Oncology: Prostate/Testis/Penis/Urethra Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Biopsy Outcomes in Asian American Men: A Multicenter Study

PURPOSE Asian-American men have distinctly different prostate cancer epidemiology compared to other men. The role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy for elevated PSA in this population has not been assessed. We sought to define imaging and targeted biopsy outcomes in Asian-American men compared to other men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicenter, prospective cohort of men who underwent magnetic resonance imaging-targeted with systematic biopsy for elevated prostate specific antigen was accrued. Outcome of interest was diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason Grade Group≥2), stratified by PI-RADS score and history of negative biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of Asian-American race on cancer detection. RESULTS Of 2,571 men, 275 (11%) were Asian-American. Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 37% of Asian-American men compared to 48% in men of other races (p<0.001). Asian-American men were also less likely to be diagnosed with grade group 1 cancer (12% vs 18%, p=0.007). Additionally, there was significantly lower detection of significant cancer for PIRADS 3 in Asian-Americans vs. other races (12% vs. 21%, p=0.032). In adjusted analysis, Asian-Americans were less likely to be diagnosed with both significant cancer (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.79, p<0.001) and grade group 1 cancer (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.84, p=0.005) compared to non-Asians. CONCLUSIONS Asian-Americans are less likely to be diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer on targeted biopsy, illustrating different performance of PI-RADS in this population. Conventional risk assessment tools should be modified when selecting Asian-American men for biopsy.