Lens-integrated on-chip antennas for THz direct detectors in SiGe HBT technology

This paper reports on the design of broadband lens-integrated differentially driven wire ring on-chip antennas for THz direct detectors in a state-of-the-art SiGe HBT technology. The antenna provides wideband detector operation on a high-permittivity substrate at least within the measured 650-1028 GHz, high radiation efficiency at THz frequencies on a bulk silicon substrate, layout fully compatible with silicon design rules, rotationally symmetric Gaussian radiation patterns with a -20 dB sidelobe level.