Development and characterisation of a new bioink for additive tissue manufacturing.

Additive manufacturing forms a potential route towards economically viable production of cellular constructs for tissue engineering. Hydrogels are a suitable class of materials for cell delivery and 3D culture, but are generally unsuitable as construction materials. Gelatine-methacrylamide is an example of such a hydrogel system widely used in the field of tissue engineering, e.g. for cartilage and cardiovascular applications. Here we show that by the addition of gellan gum to gelatine-methacrylamide and tailoring salt concentrations, rheological properties such as pseudo-plasticity and yield stress can be optimised towards gel dispensing for additive manufacturing processes. In the hydrogel formulation, salt is partly substituted by mannose to obtain isotonicity and prevent a reduction in cell viability. With this, the potential of this new bioink for additive tissue manufacturing purposes is demonstrated.

[1]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[2]  Winslow H. Herschel,et al.  Konsistenzmessungen von Gummi-Benzollösungen , 1926 .

[3]  M Cornelissen,et al.  Structural and rheological properties of methacrylamide modified gelatin hydrogels. , 2000, Biomacromolecules.

[4]  P. Carmeliet.  Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[5]  C Politis,et al.  Image-based planning and clinical validation of zygoma and pterygoid implant placement in patients with severe bone atrophy using customized drill guides. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study. , 2003, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[6]  Charles E. Hoyle,et al.  The Effect of Monomer Structure on Oxygen Inhibition of (Meth)acrylates Photopolymerization , 2004 .

[7]  Stuart K Williams,et al.  Three-dimensional bioassembly tool for generating viable tissue-engineered constructs. , 2004, Tissue engineering.

[8]  F. Lin,et al.  Fabrication of viable tissue-engineered constructs with 3D cell-assembly technique. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[9]  Neil Genzlinger.  A. and Q , 2006 .

[10]  Hod Lipson,et al.  Direct Freeform Fabrication of Seeded Hydrogels in Arbitrary Geometries , 2022 .

[11]  Jiyoung M Dang,et al.  Natural polymers for gene delivery and tissue engineering. , 2006, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[12]  M. Toner,et al.  Osmotic selection of human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood. , 2007, Tissue engineering.

[13]  C. V. van Blitterswijk,et al.  Evaluation of photocrosslinked Lutrol hydrogel for tissue printing applications. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[14]  J Malda,et al.  Design criteria for a printed tissue engineering construct: a mathematical homogenization approach. , 2009, Journal of theoretical biology.

[15]  Dong-An Wang,et al.  An improved injectable polysaccharide hydrogel: modified gellan gum for long-term cartilage regeneration in vitro , 2009 .

[16]  Bingheng Lu,et al.  Rapid prototyping assisted surgery planning and custom implant design , 2009 .

[17]  Rubens Maciel Filho,et al.  Rheological behavior of alginate solutions for biomanufacturing , 2009 .

[18]  A. Khademhosseini,et al.  Cell-laden microengineered gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[19]  G. Prestwich,et al.  Photocrosslinkable hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels for two-step bioprinting. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[20]  R L Reis,et al.  Gellan gum: a new biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[21]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Directed 3D cell alignment and elongation in microengineered hydrogels. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[22]  Dietmar Werner Hutmacher,et al.  CAD/CAM-assisted breast reconstruction , 2011, Biofabrication.

[23]  Jos Malda,et al.  A Printable Photopolymerizable Thermosensitive p(HPMAm‐lactate)‐PEG Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering , 2011 .

[24]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Microfabrication of complex porous tissue engineering scaffolds using 3D projection stereolithography. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[25]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[26]  Hyeongjin Lee,et al.  Three-Dimensional Collagen/Alginate Hybrid Scaffolds Functionalized with a Drug Delivery System (DDS) for Bone Tissue Regeneration , 2012 .

[27]  Dietmar W. Hutmacher,et al.  A Tissue Engineering Solution for Segmental Defect Regeneration in Load-Bearing Long Bones , 2012, Science Translational Medicine.

[28]  D. Seliktar.  Designing Cell-Compatible Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications , 2012, Science.

[29]  P. Bártolo,et al.  Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs , 2012 .

[30]  Hyeongjin Lee,et al.  A new hybrid scaffold constructed of solid freeform-fabricated PCL struts and collagen struts for bone tissue regeneration: fabrication, mechanical properties, and cellular activity , 2012 .

[31]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Functional Human Vascular Network Generated in Photocrosslinkable Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogels , 2012, Advanced functional materials.

[32]  P. R. van Weeren,et al.  Gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogels as potential biomaterials for fabrication of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. , 2013, Macromolecular bioscience.

[33]  L. Bonassar,et al.  Cell(MC3T3-E1)-printed poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/alginate hybrid scaffolds for tissue regeneration. , 2013, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[34]  Wim E Hennink,et al.  25th Anniversary Article: Engineering Hydrogels for Biofabrication , 2013, Advanced materials.

[35]  Gordon G. Wallace,et al.  Biofabrication: an overview of the approaches used for printing of living cells , 2013, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[36]  P. Dubruel,et al.  The 3D printing of gelatin methacrylamide cell-laden tissue-engineered constructs with high cell viability. , 2014, Biomaterials.

[37]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.