Porcine natural killer T cells

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of so-called innate-like T cells that share phenotypic characteristics of both NK and conventional T cells. Unlike conventional T cells, iNKT cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) (TRAV10-TRAJ18/TRBV25-1 in humans and TRAV11-TRAJ18/TRBV13, TRBV29, or TRBV1 in mice) that dictates their antigen specificity. iNKTcells recognize glycolipid antigens such as α-galctosylceramide (α-GalCer) presented by the non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1d. Once activated, they interact with and influence multiple cell types in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Immune responses induced by activated iNKT cells resemble conventional CD4 + T helper cells in many aspects. Therefore, these cells have been studied extensively particularly for their therapeutic potential to treat various infectious and inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. However, the majority of this research has employed mouse studies that have been difficult to translate into humans due in part to differences in iNKT cells between mice and humans. Although iNKTcells have been well characterized in mice and humans, very little is known about these cells in pigs. Like human and mouse iNKT cells, porcine iNKT cells possess a memory/activation phenotype, indicated by high MHC II-SLA-DR and CD5, and low CD45RA expression. Our previous studies have characterized the phenotype, function

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