Migration, urban growth and commuting distance in Toronto's commuter shed

This paper examines the relationship between migration, residential location and commute distance within Toronto's commuter shed. The study utilises data from the master file of the 2006 Canadian Census, allowing migrants to be disaggregated by duration of residence. Multiple regressions indicate that living in the most accessible rural areas and being a recent migrant are significantly associated with longer commutes. Furthermore, findings demonstrate that the commute distance of very recent migrants (those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the census) have the longest commute distances. As residential duration increases, commute distance decreases.

[1]  J. Zax.  When is a move a migration? , 1994, Regional science and urban economics.

[2]  T. Champion.  Urban–Rural Differences in Commuting in England: A Challenge to the Rural Sustainability Agenda? , 2009 .

[3]  M. Horner,et al.  Life Cycle and Environmental Factors in Selecting Residential and Job Locations , 2005 .

[4]  Darren M. Scott,et al.  Factors influencing commute distance: a case study of Toronto's commuter shed , 2012 .

[5]  Nick Gallent,et al.  Trends in commuting in England and Wales–becoming less sustainable? , 1998 .

[6]  M. Coombes,et al.  Migration and Longer-Distance Commuting in Rural England , 2009 .

[7]  A. Findlay,et al.  Mobility as a driver of change in rural Britain: an analysis of the links between migration, commuting and travel to shop patterns , 2001 .

[8]  T. Filges,et al.  Geographical Mobility of Danish Dual-Earner Couples: The Relationship between Change of Job and Change of Residence , 2010 .

[9]  Stephen P. Meyer,et al.  An Overview of Commuting in Canada with Special Emphasis on Rural Commuting and Employment , 1997 .

[10]  Peter Nijkamp,et al.  Commuting: In Search of Jobs and Residences☆ , 1997 .

[11]  Thomas Niedomysl.  How Migration Motives Change over Migration Distance: Evidence on Variation across Socio-economic and Demographic Groups , 2011 .

[12]  Thomas Niedomysl.  Residential Preferences for Interregional Migration in Sweden: Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographical Determinants , 2008 .

[13]  A. Green,et al.  Longer distance commuting as a substitute for migration in Britain: a review of trends, issues and implications. , 1999, International journal of population geography : IJPG.

[14]  P. Boyle,et al.  A longitudinal analysis of family migration and the gender gap in earnings in the united states and great britain , 2009, Demography.

[15]  M. Shields,et al.  The emergence of migration theory and a suggested new direction. , 1989, Journal of economic surveys.

[16]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  Residential-location preferences across the life span , 1992 .

[17]  Peter J. Taylor,et al.  A Global ‘Urban Roller Coaster’? Connectivity Changes in the World City Network, 2000–2004 , 2008 .

[18]  W. Clark,et al.  Disentangling the Interaction of Migration, Mobility, and Labor-Force Participation , 2002 .