Cataract development in diabetic sand rats treated with α‐lipoic acid and its γ‐linolenic acid conjugate

Diabetes commonly leads to long‐term complications such as cataract. This study investigated the effects of α‐lipoic acid (LPA) and its γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) conjugate on cataract development in diabetic sand rats.

[1]  J. Kinoshita,et al.  A thirty year journey in the polyol pathway. , 1990, Experimental eye research.

[2]  M. Cotter,et al.  Interaction between oxidative stress and gamma-linolenic acid in impaired neurovascular function of diabetic rats. , 1996, The American journal of physiology.

[3]  M. Creighton,et al.  Modelling cortical cataractogenesis VII: Effects of vitamin E treatment on galactose-induced cataracts. , 1985, Experimental eye research.

[4]  M. M. Bradford A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[5]  A. Bron,et al.  The lens and cataract in diabetes. , 1998, International ophthalmology clinics.

[6]  S. Jacob,et al.  The Antioxidant α-Lipoic Acid Enhances Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Metabolism in Insulin-Resistant Rat Skeletal Muscle , 1996, Diabetes.

[7]  T. Ide,et al.  Comparative effects of α- and γ-linolenic acids on rat liver fatty acid oxidation , 1998, Lipids.

[8]  D. Horrobin,et al.  A lipoic acid-gamma linolenic acid conjugate is effective against multiple indices of experimental diabetic neuropathy , 1998, Diabetologia.

[9]  C. Sen,et al.  Lipoic acid increases de novo synthesis of cellular glutathione by improving cystine utilization , 1997, BioFactors.

[10]  J. Kinoshita,et al.  Sorbitol pathway in diabetic and galactosemic rat lens , 1974 .

[11]  A. Signorile,et al.  Oxidative protein damage in human diabetic eye: evidence of a retinal participation , 1997, European journal of clinical investigation.

[12]  B. C. Scott,et al.  Lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as antioxidants. A critical evaluation. , 1994, Free radical research.

[13]  L. Packer,et al.  Alpha-lipoic acid prevents buthionine sulfoximine-induced cataract formation in newborn rats. , 1995, Free radical biology & medicine.

[14]  J. Trevithick,et al.  Antioxidants and cataract: (Cataract induction in space environment and application to terrestrial aging cataract) , 1997, Biochemistry and molecular biology international.

[15]  D. Greene,et al.  Diabetes-induced changes in lens antioxidant status, glucose utilization and energy metabolism: effect of DL-α-lipoic acid , 1998, Diabetologia.

[16]  L. Packer α-Lipoic Acid: A Metabolic Antioxidant Which Regulates NF-κB Signal Transduction and Protects Against Oxidative Injury , 1998 .

[17]  A. Lee,et al.  Contributions of polyol pathway to oxidative stress in diabetic cataract , 1999, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[18]  J. Trevithick,et al.  Modelling cortical cataractogenesis 17: in vitro effect of a-lipoic acid on glucose-induced lens membrane damage, a model of diabetic cataractogenesis. , 1995, Biochemistry and molecular biology international.

[19]  P. Mclean,et al.  The Effect of an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor (Sorbinil) on the Level of Metabolites in Lenses of Diabetic Rats , 1983, Diabetes.

[20]  H. Tritschler,et al.  Effects of α-lipoic acid on neurovascular function in diabetic rats: interaction with essential fatty acids , 1998, Diabetologia.

[21]  M J Crabbe,et al.  Bovine lens aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase). Purification, kinetics and mechanism. , 1984, The Biochemical journal.

[22]  L. Packer,et al.  Lipoate prevents glucose-induced protein modifications. , 1992, Free radical research communications.

[23]  M. Saxena,et al.  A specific, sensitive, and rapid method for the determination of glutathione and its application in ocular tissues. , 1992, Experimental eye research.

[24]  M. Cotter,et al.  Essential Fatty Acid Diet Supplementation: Effects on Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle Function and Capillarization in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats , 1991, Diabetes.

[25]  J. Trevithick,et al.  Modelling cortical cataractogenesis VIII: effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in reducing protein leakage from lenses in diabetic rats. , 1986, Experimental eye research.

[26]  G L MADDOX,et al.  A critical evaluation , 2012 .

[27]  A. Fonteh,et al.  Dietary supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid alters fatty acid content and eicosanoid production in healthy humans. , 1997, The Journal of nutrition.

[28]  H. Tritschler,et al.  Activation of aldose reductase in rat lens and metal-ion chelation by aldose reductase inhibitors and lipoic acid. , 1996, Free radical research.

[29]  J. Trevithick,et al.  Modelling cortical cataractogenesis. 14: Reduction in lens damage in diabetic rats by a dietary regimen combining vitamins C and E and beta-carotene. , 1994, Developments in ophthalmology.

[30]  S. Hayman,et al.  ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF LENS ALDOSE REDUCTASE. , 1965, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[31]  Y. Akagi,et al.  The effect of aldose reductase and its inhibition on sugar cataract formation. , 1986, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[32]  H. Tritschler,et al.  Lipoic Acid Improves Nerve Blood Flow, Reduces Oxidative Stress, and Improves Distal Nerve Conduction in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy , 1995, Diabetes Care.

[33]  S. Jacob,et al.  Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. , 1995, Arzneimittel-Forschung.