Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Computed Tomography in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and in Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain

on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Computed Tomography in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and in Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography) Developed in Collaboration With the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

[1]  Jonathan G Goldin,et al.  Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiolog , 2006, Circulation.

[2]  Manesh R. Patel,et al.  ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[3]  M. Budoff,et al.  Ethnic differences of the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. , 2006, Atherosclerosis.

[4]  L. Shaw,et al.  Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. , 2006, European heart journal.

[5]  Richard A. Kronmal,et al.  Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Race, Gender, and Age: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) , 2005, Circulation.

[6]  G. Moneta,et al.  Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Best-Evidence Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force , 2006 .

[7]  M. L. R. D. Christenson,et al.  Guidelines for Management of Small Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Scans: A Statement From the Fleischner Society , 2006 .

[8]  Irwin Feuerstein,et al.  Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[9]  S. Blair,et al.  Coronary artery calcium score and coronary heart disease events in a large cohort of asymptomatic men and women. , 2005, American journal of epidemiology.

[10]  M. Budoff,et al.  Comparison of Electron Beam Computed Tomography and Technetium Stress Testing in Differentiating Cause of Dilated Versus Ischemic Cardiomyopathy , 2005, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[11]  P. Raggi,et al.  Two year comparison of sevelamer and calcium carbonate effects on cardiovascular calcification and bone density. , 2005, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[12]  A. Hofman,et al.  Coronary Calcification Improves Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in the Elderly , 2005, Circulation.

[13]  T. Callister,et al.  Aggressive Versus Moderate Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women: Beyond Endorsed Lipid Lowering With EBT Scanning (BELLES) , 2005, Circulation.

[14]  Y. Arad,et al.  Objectives Background Methods Results Conclusions , 2022 .

[15]  Y. Arad,et al.  Treatment of asymptomatic adults with elevated coronary calcium scores with atorvastatin, vitamin C, and vitamin E: the St. Francis Heart Study randomized clinical trial. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[16]  M. Budoff,et al.  Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus , 2005, Hypertension.

[17]  E. Benjamin,et al.  Discovering the full spectrum of cardiovascular disease: Minority Health Summit 2003: executive summary. , 2005, Circulation.

[18]  R. Detrano,et al.  Ethnic Differences in Coronary Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) , 2005, Circulation.

[19]  E. Mohler,et al.  Paradoxical Effects of Statins on Aortic Valve Myofibroblasts and Osteoblasts: Implications for End-Stage Valvular Heart Disease , 2005, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[20]  L. Kuller,et al.  Much lower prevalence of coronary calcium detected by electron-beam computed tomography among men aged 40-49 in Japan than in the US, despite a less favorable profile of major risk factors. , 2004, International journal of epidemiology.

[21]  H. C. Stary Composition and classification of human atherosclerotic lesions , 2005, Virchows Archiv A.

[22]  P. Reaven,et al.  Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes , 2005, Diabetologia.

[23]  Hajime Yamashita,et al.  Spotty Calcification Typifies the Culprit Plaque in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study , 2004, Circulation.

[24]  D. Goldsmith,et al.  Coronary artery calcification is related to coronary atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease patients: a study comparing EBCT-generated coronary artery calcium scores and coronary angiography. , 2004, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[25]  S. Grundy,et al.  African Americans and Caucasians have a similar prevalence of coronary calcium in the Dallas Heart Study. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[26]  D. Berman,et al.  Relationship between stress-induced myocardial ischemia and atherosclerosis measured by coronary calcium tomography. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[27]  P. Raggi,et al.  Long-term comparison of a calcium-free phosphate binder and calcium carbonate--phosphorus metabolism and cardiovascular calcification. , 2004, Clinical nephrology.

[28]  D. Berman,et al.  Gender-based differences in the prognostic value of coronary calcification. , 2004, Journal of women's health.

[29]  P. O'Malley,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of using electron beam computed tomography to identify patients at risk for clinical coronary artery disease. , 2004, American heart journal.

[30]  T. Callister,et al.  Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Patients Receiving Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy , 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[31]  Michael Pignone,et al.  Using the coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2004, Archives of internal medicine.

[32]  Daniel S Berman,et al.  Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in subjects with and without diabetes. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[33]  C. White,et al.  Relation of coronary calcium scores by electron beam tomography to obstructive disease in 2,115 symptomatic patients. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[34]  S. Achenbach,et al.  Imaging of coronary atherosclerosis using computed tomography: Current status and future directions , 2004, Current atherosclerosis reports.

[35]  P. McCullough,et al.  Determinants of coronary vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a systematic review. , 2004, Journal of nephrology.

[36]  M. Yaqoob,et al.  Coronary artery calcification measured with electron-beam computerized tomography correlates poorly with coronary artery angiography in dialysis patients. , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[37]  R. Detrano,et al.  Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. , 2004, JAMA.

[38]  S. Grundy,et al.  Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. , 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[39]  K. Iseki,et al.  Impact of high coronary artery calcification score (CACS) on survival in patients on chronic hemodialysis , 2004, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.

[40]  Bertram L Kasiske,et al.  Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. , 2003, Hypertension.

[41]  M. Budoff,et al.  Progression of coronary calcium on serial electron beam tomographic scanning is greater in patients with future myocardial infarction. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[42]  Daniel S Berman,et al.  Cost effectiveness of screening for cardiovascular disease with measures of coronary calcium. , 2003, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[43]  J. Lima,et al.  34th Bethesda Conference: Task force #3--What is the spectrum of current and emerging techniques for the noninvasive measurement of atherosclerosis? , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[44]  H. Tunstall-Pedoe,et al.  Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. , 2003, European heart journal.

[45]  Kiang Liu,et al.  Electron-Beam Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiac Events: A 37-Month Follow-Up of 5635 Initially Asymptomatic Low- to Intermediate-Risk Adults , 2003, Circulation.

[46]  E. Topol,et al.  Clinical trials--multiple treatments, multiple end points, and multiple lessons. , 2003, JAMA.

[47]  Daniel W. Jones,et al.  The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. , 2003, JAMA.

[48]  P. O'Malley,et al.  Impact of electron beam tomography, with or without case management, on motivation, behavioral change, and cardiovascular risk profile: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[49]  R. Detrano,et al.  Coronary artery calcification in black women and white women. , 2003, American heart journal.

[50]  L. Quinn,et al.  The prevalence of coronary artery calcium among diabetic individuals without known coronary artery disease. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[51]  R. Detrano,et al.  Value of coronary artery calcium scanning by computed tomography for predicting coronary heart disease in diabetic subjects. , 2003, Diabetes care.

[52]  P. O'Malley,et al.  The prevalence and severity of coronary artery calcification on coronary artery computed tomography in black and white subjects. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[53]  A. Simon,et al.  Determinants of Progression of Coronary Artery Calcifications in Asymptomatic Men at High Cardiovascular Risk , 2002, Angiology.

[54]  R. Kronmal,et al.  Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design. , 2002, American journal of epidemiology.

[55]  Robert Detrano,et al.  Combined Use of Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Scores and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Nondiabetic Individuals , 2002, Circulation.

[56]  P. O'Malley,et al.  Frequency and severity of "incidentalomas" encountered during electron beam computed tomography for coronary calcium in middle-aged army personnel. , 2002, The American journal of cardiology.

[57]  K. Horton,et al.  Prevalence of Significant Noncardiac Findings on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium Screening Examinations , 2002, Circulation.

[58]  M. Bahner,et al.  Advanced Coronary and Carotid Arteriopathy in Young Adults With Childhood-Onset Chronic Renal Failure , 2002, Circulation.

[59]  Jonathan G Goldin,et al.  Calcium begets calcium: progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects. , 2002, Radiology.

[60]  D. Berman,et al.  Continuous Probabilistic Prediction of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease Using Electron Beam Tomography , 2002, Circulation.

[61]  L. Kuller,et al.  Racial Differences in Coronary Artery Calcification in Older Adults , 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[62]  P. Raggi,et al.  Cardiac calcification in adult hemodialysis patients. A link between end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease? , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[63]  M. Budoff,et al.  Ethnic differences in coronary atherosclerosis. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[64]  Sharon M Moe,et al.  Medial artery calcification in ESRD patients is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. , 2002, Kidney international.

[65]  J. Beckman,et al.  Relationship of Clinical Presentation and Calcification of Culprit Coronary Artery Stenoses , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[66]  M. Budoff,et al.  Effect of electrocardiogram triggering on reproducibility of coronary artery calcium scoring. , 2001, Radiology.

[67]  R. D'Agostino,et al.  Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. , 2001, JAMA.

[68]  M. Budoff,et al.  Screening patients with chest pain in the emergency department using electron beam tomography: a follow-up study. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[69]  Andrew J. Krainik,et al.  Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[70]  A. Folsom,et al.  Prevalence and Correlates of Coronary Calcification in Black and White Young Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[71]  M. Budoff,et al.  Diabetes and the associated incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease: Implications for management. , 2001, American heart journal.

[72]  T. Callister,et al.  Use of electron beam tomography data to develop models for prediction of hard coronary events. , 2001, American heart journal.

[73]  K. Matthews,et al.  Usefulness of electron beam tomography to detect progression of coronary and aortic calcium in middle-aged women. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[74]  D. Grönemeyer,et al.  Natural History and Topographic Pattern of Progression of Coronary Calcification in Symptomatic Patients: An Electron-Beam CT Study , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[75]  M. Reiser,et al.  Correlation of coronary calcification and angiographically documented stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: results of 1,764 patients. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[76]  S. Rich,et al.  Increased prevalence of significant coronary artery calcification in patients with diabetes. , 2001, Diabetes care.

[77]  J. Cutler,et al.  Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States: findings of the national conference on cardiovascular disease prevention. , 2000, Circulation.

[78]  V F Froelicher,et al.  American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[79]  M. Budoff,et al.  Rates of progression of coronary calcium by electron beam tomography. , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[80]  M. Budoff,et al.  Exercise testing and electron beam computed tomography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[81]  M. Budoff,et al.  Comparison of echocardiography and electron beam tomography in differentiating the etiology of heart failure , 2000, Clinical cardiology.

[82]  R. Elashoff,et al.  Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[83]  M. Verani,et al.  Severity of coronary artery calcification by electron beam computed tomography predicts silent myocardial ischemia. , 2000, Circulation.

[84]  usso,et al.  EFFECT OF HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS ON CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AS ASSESSED BY ELECTRON-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY , 2000 .

[85]  R. Virmani,et al.  Coronary calcification: insights from sudden coronary death victims , 2000, Zeitschrift für Kardiologie.

[86]  K. Bailey,et al.  Independent and incremental value of coronary artery calcium for predicting the extent of angiographic coronary artery disease: comparison with cardiac risk factors and radionuclide perfusion imaging. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[87]  S. Rich,et al.  Utility of electron beam computed tomography to stratify patients presenting to the emergency room with chest pain. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[88]  L. Bielak,et al.  Progression of coronary artery calcification: a pilot study. , 1999, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[89]  K. Bailey,et al.  An algorithm for noninvasive identification of angiographic three-vessel and/or left main coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients on the basis of cardiac risk and electron-beam computed tomographic calcium scores. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[90]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Use of electron-beam computed tomography in the evaluation of chest pain patients in the emergency department. , 1999, Annals of emergency medicine.

[91]  M. Budoff,et al.  Usefulness of electron beam computed tomography scanning for distinguishing ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[92]  Y. Arad,et al.  Comparison of electron beam computed tomography scanning and conventional risk factor assessment for the prediction of angiographic coronary artery disease. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[93]  M. Budoff,et al.  Coronary calcium and standard risk factors in symptomatic patients referred for coronary angiography. , 1998, American heart journal.

[94]  K. Kuntz,et al.  Exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging? A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance. , 1998, JAMA.

[95]  M. Davies The composition of coronary-artery plaques. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[96]  R. Dai,et al.  A comparison of 99mTc-MIBI myocardial SPET with electron beam computed tomography in the assessment of coronary artery disease. , 1997, European journal of nuclear medicine.

[97]  G. Ginsburg,et al.  The evaluation of chest pain in women. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[98]  R. Califf,et al.  27th Bethesda Conference: matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 5. Stratification of patients into high, medium and low risk subgroups for purposes of risk factor management. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[99]  A. Guerci,et al.  Comparison of thallium stress testing and electron beam tomography in the prediction of coronary artery disease , 1996 .

[100]  Y. Itzchak,et al.  Coronary calcium as a reliable tool for differentiating ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[101]  H. Mabuchi,et al.  Noninvasive prediction of coronary atherosclerosis by quantification of coronary artery calcification using electron beam computed tomography: comparison with electrocardiographic and thallium exercise stress test results. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[102]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. , 1995, Circulation.

[103]  W D Wagner,et al.  A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. , 1995, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[104]  V. Fuster,et al.  Coronary plaque disruption. , 1995, Circulation.

[105]  D. Waters,et al.  Effects of monotherapy with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by serial quantitative arteriography. The Canadian Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial. , 1994, Circulation.

[106]  W. Janowitz,et al.  Differences in prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcium detected by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[107]  R. Ross The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s , 1993, Nature.

[108]  R. Detrano,et al.  Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[109]  R. Detrano,et al.  Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis. , 1989, Circulation.

[110]  B. Brundage,et al.  Detection of calcific deposits in coronary arteries by ultrafast computed tomography and correlation with angiography. , 1989, The American journal of cardiology.

[111]  S Kamen,et al.  The task force. , 1976, Journal of hospital dental practice.