Discerning Affect in Student Discussions

Students’ emotions and attitudes are discernible in messages posted to online question and answer boards. Understanding student sentiment may help instructors identify students with potential course issues, optimize help-seeking, and potentially improve student achievement, as well as identify both positive and negative actions by instructors and provide them with valuable feedback. Towards this end, we present a set of context-independent emotion acts that were used by students in a universitylevel computer science course to express certainty and uncertainty, frustration, and politeness in an online Q&A board and develop viable classification approaches. To explore the potential of sentiment-based profiling, we present a heuristic-driven analysis of thread resolution and detail future research.

[1]  Penelope Brown,et al.  Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage , 1989 .

[2]  William C. Mann,et al.  Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization , 1988 .

[3]  Julia Hirschberg,et al.  Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue Phrases , 1993, Comput. Linguistics.

[4]  Mahna T. Schwager,et al.  Students’ Help Seeking During Problem Solving: Effects of Grade, Goal, and Prior Achievement , 1995 .

[5]  Andreas Stolcke,et al.  Dialogue act modeling for automatic tagging and recognition of conversational speech , 2000, CL.

[6]  Kenneth Brian Samuel,et al.  Discourse learning: an investigation of dialogue act tagging using transformation-based learning , 2000 .

[7]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Conversational Dialogue , 2001, AI Mag..

[8]  Mary McGee Wood,et al.  A Categorical Annotation Scheme for Emotion in the Linguistic Content of Dialogue , 2004, ADS.

[9]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  AutoTutor's Coverage of Expectations during Tutorial Dialogue , 2005, FLAIRS.

[10]  William W. Cohen,et al.  On the collective classification of email "speech acts" , 2005, SIGIR '05.

[11]  Eric Atwell,et al.  Using corpora in machine-learning chatbot systems , 2005 .

[12]  Noriko Kando,et al.  Certainty Identification in Texts: Categorization Model and Manual Tagging Results , 2023 .

[13]  Jihie Kim,et al.  Towards Modeling Threaded Discussions using Induced Ontology Knowledge , 2006, AAAI.

[14]  Carolyn Penstein Rosé,et al.  Using Machine Learning Techniques to Analyze and Support Mediation of Student E-Discussions , 2007, AIED.

[15]  Jihie Kim,et al.  Novel Tools for Assessing Student Discussions: Modeling threads and participant roles using speech act and course topic analysis , 2007, AIED.

[16]  J. Sadock Speech acts , 2007 .

[17]  Jihie Kim,et al.  Profiling Student Interactions in Threaded Discussions with Speech Act Classifiers , 2007, AIED.

[18]  Cécile Paris,et al.  The nature of requests and commitments in email messages , 2008, AAAI 2008.

[19]  Kristy Elizabeth Boyer,et al.  Learner Characteristics and Feedback in Tutorial Dialogue , 2008 .

[20]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Cohesion Relationships in Tutorial Dialogue as Predictors of Affective States , 2009, AIED.

[21]  Jihie Kim,et al.  Identifying student online discussions with unanswered questions , 2009, K-CAP '09.

[22]  Chih-Jen Lin,et al.  LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines , 2011, TIST.