Some Implications of a Cosmological Phase Transition

I discuss the reasons for believing that phase transitions occurred in the very early history of the universe, and the topological structures that may have been generated thereby-in particular, the strings and monopoles. The aim is mainly pedagogical, with special emphasis on unsolved problems.

[1]  B. Jones.  The origin of galaxies: A review of recent theoretical developments and their confrontation with observation , 1976 .

[2]  M. Rees.  Dissipative Processes, Galaxy Formation and "Early" Star Formation , 1978 .

[3]  M. Yoshimura.  Erratum: Unified gauge theories and the baryon number of the universe (Physical Review Letters) , 1979 .

[4]  J. Gunn,et al.  Cosmological Limits to the Number of Massive Leptons , 1977 .

[5]  T. Kibble,et al.  Symmetry Breaking in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories , 1967 .

[6]  Dimitri V. Nanopoulos,et al.  Aspects of the flipped unification of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions , 1978 .

[7]  V. Kuzmin,et al.  Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe in Grand Unified Theories , 1979 .

[8]  S. Weinberg,et al.  Hierarchy of interactions in unified gauge theories , 1974 .

[9]  A. D. Krisch,et al.  LARGE ANGLE p-p ELASTIC SCATTERING AT 30 Bev , 1964 .

[10]  R. Wagoner,et al.  Element Production in the Early Universe , 1977 .

[11]  G. Volovik,et al.  Line and point singularities in superfluid He/sup 3/ , 1976 .

[12]  S. Coleman.  Classical Lumps and Their Quantum Descendants , 1977 .

[13]  Y. Zel’dovich.  Charge asymmetry of the universe as a consequence of evaporation of black holes and of the asymmetry of the weak interaction , 1976 .

[14]  S. Rosseland.  Astronomy and Cosmogony , 1928, Nature.

[15]  M. Yoshimura.  Unified gauge theories and the baryon number of the universe , 1978 .

[16]  G. Toulouse,et al.  Principles of a Classification of Defects in Ordered Media , 1976 .

[17]  J. Ellis,et al.  Nonequilibrium in the Very Early Universe , 1980 .

[18]  P. Peebles.  The Black-Body Radiation Content of the Universe and the Formation of Galaxies. , 1965 .

[19]  H. Reeves,et al.  Weak interactions in the early Universe: is the Universe open? , 1980, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[20]  H. Politzer.  Asymptotic freedom: an approach to strong interactions , 1974 .

[21]  An unbound universe , 1974 .

[22]  R. M. Shelby,et al.  Optically Detected Coherent Transients in Nuclear Hyperfine Levels. , 1978 .

[23]  J. Ellis,et al.  Baryon number generation in grand unified theories , 1979 .

[24]  J. Preskill.  Cosmological Production of Superheavy Magnetic Monopoles , 1979 .

[25]  Andrei Linde.  Phase transitions in gauge theories and cosmology , 1979 .

[26]  S. Weinberg.  Cosmological Production of Baryons , 1979 .

[27]  V. Canuto,et al.  Magnetic monopoles and cosmology , 1976 .

[28]  William H. Press,et al.  Spontaneous Production of the Zel'dovich Spectrum of Cosmological Fluctuations , 1980 .

[29]  L. Landau,et al.  On the theory of superconductivity , 1955 .

[30]  D. A. Kirzhnits,et al.  Symmetry Behavior in Gauge Theories , 1976 .

[31]  R. Wagoner,et al.  Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity , 1973 .

[32]  G. Steigman,et al.  Lepton Degeneracy and Cosmological Constraints on the Number of Neutrinos , 1979 .

[33]  R. Serber,et al.  Scaling Law for High-Energy Elastic Scattering , 1964 .

[34]  P. Saulson,et al.  Large-scale anisotropy in the 2. 7 K radiation , 1979 .

[35]  R. B. Partridge,et al.  Isotropy and Homogeneity of the Universe from Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background , 1967 .

[36]  G. Steigman,et al.  Constraints on Cosmology and Neutrino Physics from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis , 1979 .

[37]  D. A. Kirzhnits,et al.  MACROSCOPIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE WEINBERG MODEL. , 1972 .

[38]  G. Toulouse,et al.  The crossing of defects in ordered media and the topology of 3-manifolds , 1977 .

[39]  ARE THERE ANY COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE NUMBER OF NEUTRINOS , 1979 .

[40]  Y. Zel’dovich,et al.  On the concentration of relic magnetic monopoles in the universe , 1978 .

[41]  H. Thomas,et al.  Nature of the Crystalline Solid at Elevated Temperatures , 1964 .

[42]  J. Barrow.  Galaxy formation: the first million years , 1980, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[43]  R. Hagedorn.  Remarks on the thermodynamical model of strong interactions , 1970 .

[44]  H. Georgi,et al.  Unity of All Elementary Particle Forces , 1974 .