Wind turbines—low level noise sources interfering with restoration?

Wind turbines generate a low level noise and would thus not be expected to cause annoyance and disturb rest. In a society where people are being exposed to an increasing noise load, moderate and low level noise sources may also be perceived as annoying and hence inhibit restoration. This article presents an analysis of two socio-acoustic studies of wind turbine noise with the emphasis on perception, annoyance and consequences for restoration. It is hypothesized that low and moderate stressors such as wind turbine noise could have an impact on health. The risk seems to be higher if restoration is, or is perceived to be, impaired and also for certain groups of individuals. The observations warrant further studies.

[1]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective , 1989 .

[2]  Henk Staats,et al.  Guest Editors’ introduction: Restorative environments , 2003 .

[3]  William M. Hartmann,et al.  Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models , 2001 .

[4]  Ragnar Rylander,et al.  Loudness, Annoyance and dBA in Evaluating Low Frequency Sounds , 1990 .

[5]  Sanford Fidell,et al.  Predicting annoyance from detectability of low‐level sounds , 1979 .

[6]  H. Vos,et al.  Noise sensitivity and reactions to noise and other environmental conditions. , 2003, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[7]  S. Stansfeld,et al.  Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. , 2003, British medical bulletin.

[8]  M. Björkman,et al.  Noise annoyance with regard to neurophysiological sensitivity, subjective noise sensitivity and personality variables , 1988, Psychological Medicine.

[9]  M. B. Nebel,et al.  Assessing the restorative components of environments , 2003 .

[10]  W. Passchier,et al.  Noise exposure and public health. , 2000, Environmental health perspectives.

[11]  Reinhard Wetzker Dose-Response : , 2004 .

[12]  S. Stansfeld,et al.  Noise and Health in the Urban Environment , 2000, Reviews on environmental health.

[13]  K. Persson Waye,et al.  Low frequency noise "pollution" interferes with performance. , 2001, Noise & health.

[14]  Maarten Wolsink,et al.  Wind power implementation: The nature of public attitudes: Equity and fairness instead of ‘backyard motives’ , 2007 .

[15]  R. Job,et al.  Human response to environmental noise: The role of perceived control , 2002, International journal of behavioral medicine.

[16]  Clyde Hertzman,et al.  Occupational Exposure to Noise and Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction , 2005, Epidemiology.

[17]  G. P. van den Berg The sound of high winds: The effect of atmospheric stability on wind turbine sound and microphone noise , 2006 .

[18]  T. J. Schultz Synthesis of social surveys on noise annoyance. , 1978, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[19]  K. Persson Waye,et al.  Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and well-being in different living environments , 2007, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

[20]  W. Babisch Transportation noise and cardiovascular risk: updated review and synthesis of epidemiological studies indicate that the evidence has increased. , 2006, Noise & health.

[21]  R. Job Noise sensitivity as a factor influencing human reaction to noise. , 1999, Noise & health.

[22]  T. Gärling,et al.  Selective attention and heart rate responses to natural and urban environments. , 2003 .

[23]  E. Pedersen,et al.  Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise--a dose-response relationship. , 2004, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[24]  H. Boshuizen,et al.  The association between noise exposure and blood pressure and ischemic heart disease: a meta-analysis. , 2002, Environmental health perspectives.

[25]  Marjut Wallenius,et al.  The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health , 2004 .

[26]  S. Rose Selective attention , 1992, Nature.

[27]  Evy Öhrström,et al.  PSYCHO-ACOUSTIC CHARACTERS OF RELEVANCE FOR ANNOYANCE OF WIND TURBINE NOISE , 2002 .

[28]  L Hughes Occupational exposure to noise. , 1974, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[29]  H M Miedema,et al.  Exposure-response relationships for transportation noise. , 1998, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[30]  Stephen Kaplan,et al.  The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework , 1995 .

[31]  B. Schulte‐Fortkamp,et al.  Soundscape analysis in a residential area : An evaluation of noise and people's mind , 2006 .

[32]  Hugo Fastl,et al.  Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models , 1990 .

[33]  A. Kjellberg,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF NONPHYSICAL NOISE CHARACTERISTICS, ONGOING TASK AND NOISE SENSITIVITY ON ANNOYANCE AND DISTRACTION DUE TO NOISE AT WORK , 1996 .