Microfiltration of recombinant yeast cells using a rotating disk dynamic filtration system.

To develop a highly efficient cell harvest step under time constraint, a novel rotating disk dynamic filtration system was studied on the laboratory scale (0.147-ft.(2) nylon membrane) for concentrating recombinant yeast cells containing an intracellular product. The existing cross-flow microfiltration method yielded pseudo-steady state flux values below 25 LMH (L/m(2). h) even at low membrane loadings (10 L/ft.(2)). By creating high shear rates (up to 120,000(-1)) on the membrane surface using a rotating solid disk, this dynamic filter has demonstrated dramatically improved performance, presumably due to minimal cake buildup and reduced membrane fouling. Among the many factors investigated, disk rotating speed, which determines shear rates and flow patterns, was found to be the most important adjustable parameter. Our experimental results have shown that the flux increases with disk rotating speed, increases with transmembrane pressure at higher cell concentrations, and can be sustained at high levels under constant flux mode. At a certain membrane loading level, there was a critical speed below which it behaved similarly to a flat sheet system with equivalent shear. Average flux greater than 200 LMH has been demonstrated at 37-L/ft.(2) loading at maximum speed to complete sixfold concentration and 15-volume diafiltration for less than 100 min. An order of magnitude improvement over the crossflow microfiltration control was projected for large scale production. This superior performance, however, would be achieved at the expense of additional power input and heat dissipation, especially when cell concentration reaches above 80 g dry cell weight (DCW)/L. Although a positive linear relationship between power input and dynamic flux at a certain concentration factor has been established, high cell density associated with high viscosity impacted adversely on effective average shear rates and, eventually, severe membrane fouling, rather than cake formation, would limit the performance of this novel system.

[1]  K. Michel,et al.  Erfahrungen mit der kontinuierlichen Druckfiltration in einem neuartigen Scheibenfilter , 1971 .

[2]  Werner Stahl,et al.  High performance disc filter for dewatering mineral slurries , 1990 .

[3]  Edwin N. Lightfoot,et al.  Protein ultrafiltration: A general example of boundary layer filtration , 1972 .

[4]  G. Belfort,et al.  Cross‐flow membrane microfiltration of a bacteriol fermentation broth , 1989, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[5]  M. Clifton,et al.  Concentration polarisation build-up in hollow fibers: a method of measurement and its modelling in ultrafiltration , 1991 .

[6]  N. Gregory,et al.  On the stability of three-dimensional boundary layers with application to the flow due to a rotating disk , 1955, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[7]  A. Rushton,et al.  Rotary microporous filtration , 1988 .

[8]  M. C. Porter Concentration Polarization with Membrane Ultrafiltration , 1972 .

[9]  N. Schryer,et al.  Flow between a stationary and a rotating disk with suction , 1978, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[10]  A. Gupta COMBUSTION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS , 1986 .

[11]  Wei-Ming Lu,et al.  Selective Particle Deposition in Crossflow Filtration , 1989 .

[12]  Koji Takahashi,et al.  Cake Formation and Spatial Partitioning in Batch Microfiltration of Yeast , 1991 .

[13]  K. Nakanishi,et al.  Factors affecting the performance of crossflow filtration of yeast cell suspension , 1993, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[14]  T. Murase,et al.  Dynamic microfiltration of dilute slurries with a rotating ceramic membrane , 1991 .

[15]  Georges Belfort,et al.  Enhanced performance for pressure-driven membrane processes: the argument for fluid instabilities , 1993 .

[16]  G. Hill,et al.  Cross-flow Microfiltration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1991 .

[17]  Richard J. Wakeman,et al.  Membrane fouling prevention in crossflow microfiltration by the use of electric fields , 1987 .

[18]  M. Shirato,et al.  Thin-cake filtration by use of dynamic filter with vibrating plate. , 1988 .

[19]  M. Mackley,et al.  Cake filtration mechanisms in steady and unsteady flows , 1993 .

[20]  P. Dejmek,et al.  TURBULENCE PROMOTERS IN ULTRAFILTRATION OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE , 1974 .

[21]  M. Holodniok,et al.  Computation of the flow between two rotating coaxial disks: multiplicity of steady-state solutions , 1981, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[22]  K. Kroner,et al.  Improved Dynamic Filtration of Microbial Suspensions , 1987, Bio/Technology.

[23]  Georges Belfort,et al.  Fluid mechanics and cross-flow filtration: some thoughts , 1985 .

[24]  Robert H. Davis,et al.  Crossflow Microfiltration of Yeast Suspensions in Tubular Filters , 1993, Biotechnology progress.

[25]  M. Mackley,et al.  Cross-flow cake filtration mechanisms and kinetics , 1992 .

[26]  R. Wakeman,et al.  Colloidal fouling of microfiltration membranes during the treatment of aqueous feed streams , 1991 .

[27]  K. Nakanishi,et al.  Crossflow filtration of yeast broth cultivated in molasses , 1994, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[28]  Charles L. Cooney,et al.  Quantitative description of ultrafiltration in a rotating filtration device , 1991 .

[29]  Richard J. Wakeman,et al.  An experimental study of electroacoustic crossflow microfiltration , 1991 .

[30]  R. E. Nece,et al.  Chamber Dimension Effects on Induced Flow and Frictional Resistance of Enclosed Rotating Disks , 1960 .

[31]  M. Shirato,et al.  High-rate microfiltration by use of ceramic filter with rotating cylinder. , 1989 .

[32]  W. Bowen,et al.  Pulsed electrokinetic cleaning of cellulose nitrate microfiltration membranes , 1992 .

[33]  M. Kula,et al.  Studies on secondary layer formation and its characterization during cross-flow filtration of microbial cells , 1987 .

[34]  Munir Cheryan,et al.  Cross-flow membrane filtration of yeast suspensions , 1987 .

[35]  K. Kroner,et al.  Dynamic filtration of microbial suspensions using an axially rotating filter , 1988 .

[36]  J. Howell,et al.  The effect of pulsed flow on ultrafiltration fluxes in a baffled tubular membrane system , 1990 .

[37]  Andrew L. Zydney,et al.  A CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION MODEL FOR THE FILTRATE FLUX IN CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION OF PARTICULATE SUSPENSIONS , 1986 .

[38]  Anthony D. Greiner,et al.  Diagnosis of membrane fouling using a rotating annular filter. 1. Cell culture media , 1993 .

[39]  H. N. Kaufman,et al.  Flow between rotating disks. Part 1. Basic flow , 1983, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[40]  M. Mackley,et al.  Cross-flow filtration with and without cake formation , 1994 .