Impact of ignition promoting additives on the characteristics of a diesel engine powered by pine oil–diesel blend

Abstract Amid the prevalence of some plant based biofuels, we have targeted on optimizing the use of a new biofuel, pine oil, in a diesel engine without resorting to any engine modifications. Pine oil, extracted from the resins of pine tree, has some remarkable fuel properties such as lower viscosity, flash point and boiling point than diesel, while its calorific value is comparable to diesel. However, the cetane number of pine oil is lower and hence when being used as blends with diesel, it exhibits prolonged ignition delay and higher peak heat release rate, paving way for more NO X emission. Compared to fossil diesel, experimental investigation of 50D:50B (50% diesel and 50% pine oil) in a diesel engine showed significant decrease in CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and smoke emission by 45.9%, 32.4% and 41.5%, respectively, whereas the NO X (nitrogen oxides) emission was noted to be increased. To help reduce the negative impact of pine oil on NO X emission and ignition delay, this work intends to add two ignition promoters, IAN (iso-amyl nitrate) and DTBP (di-tertiary butyl peroxide), with 50D:50B. After the addition of ignition promoters, the NO X emission for 50D:50B-IAN and 50D:50B-DTBP is decreased by 12.8% and 19.2%, respectively, compared to 50D:50B. Among the two ignition promoters, DTBP is more effective in reducing NO X emission, adding to the other benefits of reduced CO and HC emission by 40% and 34%, respectively, than 50D:50B. In addition, the performance of the engine was also noted to be improved for 50D:50B-DTBP, suggesting that DTBP is a pertinent ignition improver for pine oil–diesel blends.

[1]  M. Al-Hasan,et al.  The effect of iso‐butanol‐diesel blends on engine performance , 2008 .

[2]  Xiujin Li,et al.  Ignition and Emission Characteristics of Ignition-assisting Agents for Densified Corn Stover Briquette Fuel , 2010 .

[3]  Qin Zhang,et al.  Ethanol-diesel fuel blends -- a review. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[4]  C. G. McCreath,et al.  The effect of fuel additives on the exhaust emissions from diesel engines , 1971 .

[5]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel–methanol blends , 2009 .

[6]  M. P. Dorado,et al.  A comparison of performance of higher alcohols/diesel fuel blends in a diesel engine , 2012 .

[7]  Zan Zhu,et al.  Effect of a Cetane Number (CN) Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression-Ignition (CI) Engine Fueled with an Ethanol−Diesel Blend , 2010 .

[8]  Md. Nurun Nabi,et al.  Theoretical and experimental investigation of diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions analysis fuelled with the blends of ethanol, diesel and jatropha methyl ester , 2012 .

[9]  Zhen Huang,et al.  Improving the Combustion and Emissions of Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engines Using Oxygenated Fuel Additives Combined with a Cetane Number Improver , 2005 .

[10]  Galen J. Suppes,et al.  Multifunctional Diesel Fuel Additives from Triglycerides , 2001 .

[11]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Effect of Injection Pressure on the Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Methanol-blended Diesel Fuel , 2009 .

[12]  C. G. Saravanan,et al.  Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine , 2010 .

[13]  Jehad A. A. Yamin,et al.  Combustion characteristics and engine emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel and treated waste cooking oil blends , 2011 .

[14]  H. S. Kesling,et al.  The Performance of a Peroxide-Based Cetane Improvement Additive in Different Diesel Fuels , 1994 .

[15]  B. Nagalingam,et al.  Performance, emission and combustion improvements in a direct injection diesel engine using cashew nut shell oil as fuel with camphor oil blending , 2012 .

[16]  Lilian L. N. Guarieiro,et al.  The Role of Additives for Diesel and Diesel Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels: A Review , 2007 .

[17]  N. Alagumurthi,et al.  Performance and emission studies on biofuel-powered Kirloskar TV-1 direct-injection diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation , 2011 .

[18]  M. P. Ashok,et al.  Performance and emission of the emulsified fuel in a DI diesel engine using oxygenated additive diethyl ether with surfactant of span-80 , 2007 .

[19]  Carlo Beatrice,et al.  Oxygenated additives production for diesel engine emission improvement , 2007 .

[20]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines , 2007 .

[21]  Wenming Yang,et al.  Combustion performance and emission characteristics study of pine oil in a diesel engine , 2013 .

[22]  Tomas M. Sanchez,et al.  Analysis of operating a diesel engine on biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-methanol blends , 2012 .

[23]  Nicos Ladommatos,et al.  The effect of fuel cetane improver on diesel pollutant emissions , 1996 .

[24]  Young‐Wun Kim,et al.  Synthesis and Evaluation of Stearic Acid Derivatives as Cetane Number Improvers , 2011 .

[25]  H. Zhen,et al.  Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel blend fuel , 2004 .

[26]  G. Suppes,et al.  Synthesis and evaluation of alkyl nitrates from triglycerides as cetane improvers , 2003 .

[27]  Wang Jian-xin,et al.  Study on combustion characteristics and PM emission of diesel engines using ester–ethanol–diesel blended fuels , 2007 .

[28]  P. Devan,et al.  A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil-eucalyptus oil blends , 2009 .

[29]  D. Rakopoulos.  Combustion and emissions of cottonseed oil and its bio-diesel in blends with either n-butanol or diethyl ether in HSDI diesel engine , 2013 .

[30]  O. Doğan.  The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions , 2011 .