Primary prevention of HTLV-I in Japan.

The ATL prevention program (AAP) in the Nagasaki Prefecture since 1987 consists of screening of pregnant women and asking the seropositives to refrain from breast-feeding. We screened approximately 90% of gravidas in the Prefecture and > 90% of the seropositive women agreed not to breast-feed. The maternal transmission rate dropped from approximately 20% to approximately 3%. PCR of cord bloods showed that 2.5% were PCR-positive. However, among formula-fed children, none of the cord-positives seroconverted, and none of the seropositives tested had been cord-positive. Breast-feeding for less than six months decreased the transmission rate significantly, but may have a higher transmission rate than the formula feeding.

[1]  S. Katamine,et al.  Dependency of antibody titer on provirus load in human T lymphotropic virus type I carriers: an interpretation for the minor population of seronegative carriers. , 1995, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[2]  R. Lal,et al.  Association between maternal antibodies to the external envelope glycoprotein and vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Maternal anti-env antibodies correlate with protection in non-breast-fed children. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[3]  H. Take,et al.  Vertical transmission of HTLV‐I from a seronegative mother using the PA method , 1995, Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition.

[4]  E. Murphy,et al.  Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in Jamaica: association with antibodies to envelope glycoprotein (gp46) epitopes. , 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[5]  Y. Ville,et al.  Blood transfusion as a major risk factor for HTLV-I infection among hospitalized children in Gabon (Equatorial Africa). , 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[6]  Y. Nagata,et al.  HTLV-I transmission from mother to fetus via placenta , 1992, The Lancet.

[7]  T. M. Hartley,et al.  Low risk of mother-to-child transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type II in non-breast-fed infants. The NYC Perinatal HIV Transmission Collaborative Study. , 1992, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[8]  R. Moriuchi,et al.  Maternal Transmisson of HTLV‐1 Other than through Breast Milk: Discrepancy between the Polymerase Chain Reaction Positivity of Cord Blood Samples for HTLV‐1 and the Subsequent Seropositivity of Individuals , 1992, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[9]  T. Takezaki,et al.  Inhibitory effect of maternal antibody on mother‐to‐child transmission of human T‐lymphotropic virus type I , 1991, International journal of cancer.

[10]  T. Kawana,et al.  Detection of HTLV-I antigen in peripheral and cord blood lymphocytes from carrier mothers , 1991, The Lancet.

[11]  Y. Ohtsuki,et al.  Transmission of HTLV-I by blood transfusion and its prevention by passive immunization in rabbits. , 1990, Blood.

[12]  S. Saito,et al.  Identification of HTLV‐I Sequence in Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells of Neonates Born to HTLV‐I Antigen/Antibody‐positive Mothers by Polymerase Chain Reaction , 1990, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[13]  M. Tomonaga,et al.  Survey of Anti‐human T‐Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Antibody in Family Members of Patients with Adult T‐Cell Leukemia , 1990, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[14]  H. Nomura,et al.  Antibody to p40tax protein of human T cell leukemia virus 1 and infectivity. , 1990, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[15]  H. Nomura,et al.  Study of Seroconversion of Antibody to Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I in Children of Okinawa, Japan , 1990, Microbiology and immunology.

[16]  K. Katsouyanni,et al.  ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, TOBACCO SMOKING, AND BREAST CANCER RISK , 1989, The Lancet.

[17]  S. Kashiwagi,et al.  High Risk of Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HTLV‐I in p40tax Antibody‐positive Mothers , 1989, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[18]  M. Ichijo,et al.  Effect of Freeze‐Thawing Breast Milk on Vertical HTLV‐I Transmission from Seropositive Mothers to Children , 1989, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[19]  Y. Ohtsuki,et al.  Milk-borne transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in rabbits. , 1988, Virology.

[20]  K. Kusuhara,et al.  Mother‐to‐child transmission of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐1): A fifteen‐year follow‐up study in Okinawa, Japan , 1987, International journal of cancer.

[21]  T. Miyamoto,et al.  HTLV-I carrier mothers with high-titer antibody are at high risk as a source of infection. , 1987, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[22]  T. Miyamoto,et al.  BREAKING THE CYCLE OF HTLV-I TRANSMISSION VIA CARRIER MOTHERS' MILK , 1987, The Lancet.

[23]  S. Kamihira,et al.  Milk-borne transmission of HTLV-I from carrier mothers to their children. , 1987, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[24]  Y. Ohtsuki,et al.  Mother-to-offspring transmission of human T cell leukemia virus type I in rabbits. , 1987, Blood.

[25]  T. Miyamoto,et al.  Significance of Postnatal Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of Human T‐lymphotropic Virus Type‐I on the Development of Adult T‐cell Leukemia/Lymphoma , 1986, Journal of medical virology.

[26]  M. Ichijo,et al.  Prevention of HTLV-I transmission through the breast milk by a freeze-thawing process. , 1986, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[27]  R. Moriuchi,et al.  Oral infection of a common marmoset with human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) by inoculating fresh human milk of HTLV-I carrier mothers. , 1985, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[28]  R. Moriuchi,et al.  Oral transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I into a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental model for milk-borne transmission. , 1985, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[29]  S. Katamine,et al.  Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I. , 1985, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.