Sirolimus and Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Kidney Transplant Recipients – A Retrospective Study

Introducao : A imunossupressao desempenha um papel central na patogenese do cancro cutâneo, em transplantados renais. Recentemente tem sido estudado o potencial do sirolimus na reducao da incidencia de cancro cutâneo nao-melanoma nesta populacao. Objetivo : Analisar a relacao entre os esquemas imunossupressores de manutencao iniciais e o desenvolvimento de cancro cutâneo nao-melanoma – carcinoma espinhocelular e carcinoma basocelular – em transplantados renais. Metodos : Analise retrospetiva dos registos clinicos de doentes submetidos a transplante renal entre os anos 2002 e 2012 e que vieram posteriormente a ser observados no nosso Servico de Dermatologia. Os transplantados renais foram divididos em tres grupos, de acordo com o esquema imunossupressor de manutencao inicial: grupo A (a base de sirolimus), grupo B (a base de tacrolimus), grupo C (a base de ciclosporina). Resultados : Dos 188 transplantados renais estudados, 24,5% (n=46) foram diagnosticados com 83 cancro cutâneo nao-melanoma (42 carcinoma basocelular e 41 carcinoma espinhocelular). Nao houve diferencas na sobrevivencia livre do primeiro cancro cutâneo nao-melanoma ou do primeiro carcinoma basocelular entre os grupos. A sobrevivencia livre de primeiro carcinoma espinhocelular foi significativamente maior no grupo A (media 10,7 anos), quando comparado com os grupos B (media 7,48 anos) e C (media 8,29 anos). O hazard ratio bruto de carcinoma espinhocelular foi significativamente superior nos grupos C (7,74, p = 0,05) e B (9,02, p = 0,03), em comparacao com o grupo A. Contudo, apos ajuste para a idade a data de transplante, estes valores perderam significado estatistico. Conclusao : Ainda que o switch para sirolimus esteja descrito como benefico na prevencao secundaria de carcinoma espinhocelular em transplantados renais, a sua utilizacao ab initio nao pareceu apresentar o mesmo efeito protetor.

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