Consumer use of mobile banking (M-Banking) in Saudi Arabia: Towards an integrated model

Abstract Mobile banking is one of the most promising technologies that has emerged in recent years and could prove to have considerable value to both banks and customers. Thus, this study recognises the need to test the main factors that could predict the use of mobile banking as well as how using such a system could contribute to both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The conceptual model of this study combines two models (i.e. UTAUT2 and the D&M IS Success Model). A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the required data from convenience sampling of Saudi bank customers. The main factors – performance expectancy, price value, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, system quality and service quality – were found to have a significant impact on actual use behaviour. This study was cross-sectional, therefore future studies should implement longitudinal studies in order to re-collect the findings. Further, this study adopted convenience sampling of Saudi M-Banking users. This may adversely impact the issue of generalisability to the whole population. The gap in the M-Banking literature in Saudi Arabia would be bridged by proposing a comprehensive conceptual model that scrupulously clarifies the use of M-Banking from the perspective of Saudi users. Furthermore, this study would consider the adoption of numeric data in order to inferentially analyse them using SEM. This in turn would assist in generalising the findings to the whole Saudi population.

[1]  Fernando de Oliveira Santini,et al.  Apps for mobile banking and customer satisfaction: a cross-cultural study , 2017 .

[2]  Dan Jong Kim,et al.  A study of mobile user engagement (MoEN): Engagement motivations, perceived value, satisfaction, and continued engagement intention , 2013, Decis. Support Syst..

[3]  James C. Anderson,et al.  STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING IN PRACTICE: A REVIEW AND RECOMMENDED TWO-STEP APPROACH , 1988 .

[4]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Social Media: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly , 2018, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[5]  Douglas Davies,et al.  Cell phone banking: predictors of adoption in South Africa - an exploratory study , 2003, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[6]  Huili Yao,et al.  The Analysis of Influencing Factors and Promotion Strategy for the Use of Mobile Banking/L'ANALYSE D'INFLUENCER DES FACTEURS ET LA STRATÉGIE DE PROMOTION POUR L'USAGE DES OPÉRATIONS BANCAIRES MOBILES , 2011 .

[7]  Shahriar Mohammadi,et al.  Word of Mouth impact on the adoption of mobile banking in Iran , 2017, Telematics Informatics.

[8]  Margaret Tan,et al.  Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking , 2000, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[9]  R. Bhagat Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations , 2002 .

[10]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Assessing Consumers' Intention to Adopt Mobile Internet Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , 2017, AMCIS.

[11]  Dieter Fink,et al.  Internet banking adoption strategies for a developing country: the case of Thailand , 2005, Internet Res..

[12]  Veera Bhatiasevi An extended UTAUT model to explain the adoption of mobile banking , 2016 .

[13]  Tao Zhou,et al.  An Empirical Examination of Initial Trust in Mobile Banking , 2011, Internet Res..

[14]  Tao Zhou,et al.  Examining mobile banking user adoption from the perspectives of trust and flow experience , 2012, Inf. Technol. Manag..

[15]  Soon Jae Kwon,et al.  Effect of trust level on mobile banking satisfaction: a multi-group analysis of information system success instruments , 2009, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[16]  Ulun Akturan,et al.  Mobile banking adoption of the youth market , 2012 .

[17]  Khalid M. Al-Tawil,et al.  Impact of Internet Usage in Saudi Arabia: A Social Perspective , 2007, Int. J. Inf. Technol. Web Eng..

[18]  Hsiu-Fen Lin,et al.  An empirical investigation of mobile banking adoption: The effect of innovation attributes and knowledge-based trust , 2011, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[19]  K. Fang,et al.  Effects of network quality attributes on customer adoption intentions of Internet Banking , 2006 .

[20]  Nir Kshetri,et al.  Big data's role in expanding access to financial services in China , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[21]  Yujong Hwang,et al.  Understanding the determinants of mobile banking adoption: A longitudinal study in Brazil , 2018, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[22]  Jack Shih-Chieh Hsu,et al.  Understanding the Impacts of Information Quality, System Quality and Service Quality on Consumers' Satisfaction and Continuance Intention , 2013, 2013 Fifth International Conference on Service Science and Innovation.

[23]  Viswanath Venkatesh,et al.  Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology , 2012, MIS Q..

[24]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Citizens’ adoption of an electronic government system: towards a unified view , 2015, Information Systems Frontiers.

[25]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  A meta-analysis of existing research on citizen adoption of e-government , 2013, Information Systems Frontiers.

[26]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Examining Factors Affecting Customer Intention And Adoption Of Internet Banking In Jordan , 2014, UKAIS.

[27]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Re-examining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Towards a Revised Theoretical Model , 2017, Information Systems Frontiers.

[28]  Namho Chung,et al.  A unified perspective on the factors influencing usage intention toward mobile financial services , 2012 .

[29]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  A generalised adoption model for services: A cross-country comparison of mobile health (m-health) , 2016, Gov. Inf. Q..

[30]  Daniel Nilsson A cross‐cultural comparison of self‐service technology use , 2007 .

[31]  Brad McKenna,et al.  Understanding and conceptualising the adoption, use and diffusion of mobile banking in older adults: A research agenda and conceptual framework , 2018, Journal of Business Research.

[32]  Ales Popovic,et al.  How system quality influences mobile BI use: The mediating role of engagement , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[33]  E. Anderson,et al.  The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms , 1993 .

[34]  Ali Tarhini,et al.  A multi-analytical model for mobile banking adoption: a developing country perspective , 2017 .

[35]  Nripendra P. Rana,et al.  Identifying reputation collectors in community question answering (CQA) sites: Exploring the dark side of social media , 2018, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[36]  C. Dancey,et al.  Statistics Without Maths For Psychology , 1999 .

[37]  Kevin Grant,et al.  Factors affecting the adoption of Internet Banking in Hong Kong - implications for the banking sector , 2007, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[38]  S. Laforet,et al.  CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS ONLINE AND MOBILE BANKING IN CHINA , 2005 .

[39]  Farahman Farrokhi,et al.  Rethinking Convenience Sampling: Defining Quality Criteria , 2012 .

[40]  K. Njenga,et al.  On rational choice, risk and utility in mobile banking , 2012, 2012 e-Leadership Conference on Sustainable e-Government and e- Business Innovations (E-LEADERSHIP).

[41]  Heikki Karjaluoto,et al.  Mobile banking adoption: A literature review , 2015, Telematics Informatics.

[42]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies , 2000, Management Science.

[43]  Sunil Gupta The Mobile Banking and Payment Revolution , 2013 .

[44]  Tiago Oliveira,et al.  Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application , 2014, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[45]  Jinwoo Kim,et al.  Information Quality for Mobile Internet Services: A Theoretical Model with Empirical Validation , 2002, Electron. Mark..

[46]  Viswanath Venkatesh,et al.  Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model , 2000, Inf. Syst. Res..

[47]  Yun Zhang,et al.  The relationships between electronic banking adoption and its antecedents: A meta-analytic study of the role of national culture , 2018, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[48]  Fred Selnes,et al.  The Potential Hazard of Self-Service in Developing Customer Loyalty , 2001 .

[49]  Jen-Her Wu,et al.  What drives mobile commerce?: An empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model , 2005, Inf. Manag..

[50]  Leena Ahmad Alfarani,et al.  Influences on the adoption of mobile learning in saudi women teachers in higher education , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL2014).

[51]  Joon Koh,et al.  A Comparison of Online Trust Building Factors between Potential Customers and Repeat Customers , 2004, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[52]  Barney Tan,et al.  Nurturing a FinTech ecosystem: The case of a youth microloan startup in China , 2017, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[53]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Understanding the Adoption of Mobile Internet in the Saudi Arabian Context: Results from a Descriptive Analysis , 2015, I3E.

[54]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality , 1996 .

[55]  J. Hair Multivariate data analysis : a global perspective , 2010 .

[56]  Shaohan Cai,et al.  The key determinants of Internet banking service quality: a content analysis , 2001 .

[57]  Mohamad Noorman Masrek,et al.  Antecedents and Impacts of Mobile Banking Transactions: A Case of Malaysian Consumers , 2013, International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies.

[58]  Suping Xiong Adoption of mobile banking model based on perceived value and trust , 2013, 2013 6th International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering.

[59]  Zohra Saleem,et al.  Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Mobile Banking Adoption in Pakistan , 2011 .

[60]  Abdullah Mohammed Baabdullah,et al.  Factors Influencing Adoption of Mobile Social Network Games (M-SNGs): The Role of Awareness , 2018, Information Systems Frontiers.

[61]  Fethi Calisir,et al.  Internet banking versus other banking channels: Young consumers' view , 2008, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[62]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust , 2017, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[63]  Tiago Oliveira,et al.  International Journal of Information Management , 2014 .

[64]  Tommi Laukkanen,et al.  Consumer value creation in mobile banking services , 2005, Int. J. Mob. Commun..

[65]  Tiago Oliveira,et al.  Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[66]  Gi Mun Kim,et al.  Understanding dynamics between initial trust and usage intentions of mobile banking , 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

[67]  Tommi Laukkanen,et al.  Internet vs mobile banking: comparing customer value perceptions , 2007, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[68]  Carlos Flavián,et al.  The role of security, privacy, usability and reputation in the development of online banking , 2007, Online Inf. Rev..

[69]  Sven Laumer,et al.  Research on information systems failures and successes: Status update and future directions , 2014, Information Systems Frontiers.

[70]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Cronfa - Swansea University Open Access Repository , 2017 .

[71]  Hans van der Heijden,et al.  User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems , 2004, MIS Q..

[72]  Arum Park,et al.  A near field communication adoption and its impact on Expo visitors' behavior , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[73]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  An empirical validation of a unified model of electronic government adoption (UMEGA) , 2017, Gov. Inf. Q..

[74]  A. Palmer,et al.  Predicting young consumers' take up of mobile banking services , 2010 .

[75]  Nicholas J. Ashill,et al.  An examination of the relationship between service quality dimensions, overall internet banking service quality and customer satisfaction: A New Zealand study , 2009 .

[76]  Abdullah M. Baabdullah,et al.  Evaluating the Current Situation of Mobile Services (M-Services) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , 2018 .

[77]  Kwoting Fang,et al.  The use of a decomposed theory of planned behavior to study Internet banking in Taiwan , 2004, Internet Res..

[78]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace1 , 1992 .

[79]  Fevzi Okumus,et al.  What keeps the mobile hotel booking users loyal? Investigating the roles of self-efficacy, compatibility, perceived ease of use, and perceived convenience , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[80]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Understanding the adopters and non-adopters of broadband , 2009, CACM.

[81]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Consumer adoption of mobile banking services: An empirical examination of factors according to adoption stages , 2018, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.

[82]  Moez Limayem,et al.  How Habit Limits the Predictive Power of Intention: The Case of Information Systems Continuance , 2007, MIS Q..

[83]  Chuleeporn Changchit,et al.  Mobile banking: Exploring determinants of its adoption , 2017, J. Organ. Comput. Electron. Commer..

[84]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future , 2017, Information Systems Frontiers.

[85]  Simplice A. Asongu,et al.  Comparative Human Development Thresholds for Absolute and Relative Pro-Poor Mobile Banking in Developing Countries , 2017, Inf. Technol. People.

[86]  Abdul Hanif Mohamad FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MUSLIM CONSUMERS PREFERENCE TOWARDS ISLAMIC BANKING PRODUCTS OR FACILITIES : THEORY OF REASONED , 2012 .

[87]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Modeling Consumers’ Adoption Intentions of Remote Mobile Payments in the United Kingdom: Extending UTAUT with Innovativeness, Risk, and Trust , 2015 .

[88]  T. Raleting,et al.  Determinants of low-income non-users' attitude towards WIG mobile phone banking: Evidence from South Africa , 2011 .

[89]  S. Roy,et al.  Generic technology-based service quality dimensions in banking: Impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty , 2011 .

[90]  A. Al-Sukkar The application of information systems in the Jordanian banking sector : a study of the acceptance of the internet , 2005 .

[91]  Abdullah M. Baabdullah,et al.  Consumer adoption of Mobile Social Network Games (M-SNGs) in Saudi Arabia: The role of social influence, hedonic motivation and trust , 2018 .

[92]  Ming-Chi Lee,et al.  Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit , 2009, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[93]  Ephraim R. McLean,et al.  The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update , 2003, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[94]  Tiago Oliveira,et al.  Understanding mobile banking individual performance: The DeLone & McLean model and the moderating effects of individual culture , 2017, Internet Res..

[95]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[96]  C. Yu Factors Affecting Individuals to Adopt Mobile Banking: Empirical Evidence from the Utaut Model , 2012 .

[97]  L. Feick,et al.  The impact of switching costs on the customer satisfaction‐loyalty link: mobile phone service in France , 2001 .

[98]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Adoption of Mobile Banking in Jordan: Exploring Demographic Differences on Customers' Perceptions , 2015, I3E.

[99]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT): a literature review , 2015, J. Enterp. Inf. Manag..

[100]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Content design of advertisement for consumer exposure: Mobile marketing through short messaging service , 2017, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[101]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Exploring consumer adoption of proximity mobile payments , 2014, Journal of Strategic Marketing.

[102]  Parijat Upadhyay,et al.  Analyzing user perspective on the factors affecting use intention of mobile based transfer payment , 2016, Internet Res..

[103]  Xinran Y. Lehto,et al.  Adoption of Mobile Technologies for Chinese Consumers , 2007 .

[104]  Mohammed Hersi Warsame,et al.  Moderation effect on mobile microfinance services in Kenya:An extended UTAUT model , 2018, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance.

[105]  Diana Adler,et al.  Using Multivariate Statistics , 2016 .

[106]  J. Cunningham,et al.  The diffusion of Internet banking among Singapore consumers , 2003 .

[107]  Ibrahim M. Al-Jabri,et al.  Mobile Banking Adoption: Application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory , 2012 .

[108]  Jamil Bojei,et al.  Determinants Affecting Customer's Intention to Adopt Mobile Banking in Saudi Arabia , 2014, Int. Arab. J. e Technol..

[109]  Imdadullah Hidayat-ur-Rehman Mobile Banking Adoption in Saudi Arabia , 2014 .

[110]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  SQ mGov: A Comprehensive Service-Quality Paradigm for Mobile Government , 2014, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[111]  Gordon B. Davis,et al.  User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View , 2003, MIS Q..

[112]  Nicola Brace,et al.  SPSS for psychologists: a guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (versions 9, 10 and 11). 2nd edition , 2007 .

[113]  Yi-Shun Wang,et al.  Why do people use information kiosks? A validation of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology , 2009, Gov. Inf. Q..

[114]  Tao Zhou,et al.  Integrating TTF and UTAUT to explain mobile banking user adoption , 2010, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[115]  Ayman N. Alkhaldi,et al.  ADOPTION OF MOBILE BANKING IN SAUDI ARABIA : A N EMPIRICAL EVALUATION STUDY , 2016 .

[116]  Sang Joon Kim,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Communication , 2006 .

[117]  Rajiv Kohli,et al.  Understanding Determinants of Online Consumer Satisfaction: A Decision Process Perspective , 2004, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[118]  Nisar Hundewale,et al.  Technology Adoption and Indian Consumers: Study on Mobile Banking , 2012 .

[119]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[120]  Zoran Kalinic,et al.  International Journal of Information Management , 2016 .

[121]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Adoption of online public grievance redressal system in India: Toward developing a unified view , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[122]  Tommi Laukkanen,et al.  Mapping the reasons for resistance to Internet banking: A means-end approach , 2007, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[123]  Manon Arcand,et al.  Mobile banking service quality and customer relationships , 2017 .

[124]  Anol Bhattacherjee Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices , 2012 .

[125]  Yi-Shun Wang,et al.  An examination of the determinants of customer loyalty in mobile commerce contexts , 2006, Inf. Manag..

[126]  Fred D. Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[127]  R. K. Srivastava,et al.  Predicting the intention to use mobile banking in India , 2018 .

[128]  Sahar Afshan,et al.  Acceptance of mobile banking framework in Pakistan , 2016, Telematics Informatics.

[129]  Imsook Ha,et al.  Determinants of adoption of mobile games under mobile broadband wireless access environment , 2007, Inf. Manag..

[130]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  Examining factors influencing Jordanian customers’ intentions and adoption of internet banking: Extending UTAUT2 with risk , 2018 .

[131]  Matthew L. Meuter,et al.  Encouraging Existing Customers to Switch to Self-Service Technologies: Put a Little Fun in their Lives , 2007 .

[132]  Jijie Wang,et al.  Information technology (IT) in Saudi Arabia: Culture and the acceptance and use of IT , 2007, Inf. Manag..

[133]  H. Harman Modern factor analysis , 1961 .

[134]  Nils Urbach,et al.  Structural Equation Modeling in Information Systems Research Using Partial Least Squares , 2010 .

[135]  Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi,et al.  RFID systems in libraries: An empirical examination of factors affecting system use and user satisfaction , 2013, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[136]  Sumeet Gupta,et al.  Value-based Adoption of Mobile Internet: An empirical investigation , 2007, Decis. Support Syst..

[137]  Neeru Malhotra,et al.  Antecedents and consequences of service quality in consumer evaluation of self-service internet technologies , 2008 .

[138]  Judy Drennan,et al.  An investigation of consumer acceptance of M-Banking in Australia , 2010 .

[139]  Mathupayas Thongmak,et al.  M-Banking in Metropolitan Bangkok and a Comparison with other Countries , 2011, J. Comput. Inf. Syst..

[140]  Richard W. Brislin,et al.  Comparative Research Methodology: Cross-Cultural Studies , 1976 .

[141]  Kun Chang Lee,et al.  Understanding factors affecting trust in and satisfaction with mobile banking in Korea: A modified DeLone and McLean's model perspective , 2009, Interact. Comput..

[142]  Payam Hanafizadeh,et al.  Mobile-banking adoption by Iranian bank clients , 2014, Telematics Informatics.

[143]  Jinwoo Kim,et al.  Culture-Technology Fit: Effects of Cultural Characteristics on the Post-Adoption Beliefs of Mobile Internet Users , 2007, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[144]  B. Clegg,et al.  An investigation into the acceptance of online banking in Saudi Arabia , 2009 .

[145]  M. Al-Husein,et al.  Preference on the Perception of Mobile Banking: A Saudi Arabian Perspective , 2015 .

[146]  P. A. Dabholkar Consumer evaluations of new technology-based self-service options: An investigation of alternative models of service quality , 1996 .

[147]  M. Aboelmaged,et al.  Mobile Banking Adoption: An Examination of Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior , 2013 .

[148]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[149]  Lu Yao-bin,et al.  The Effect of Online-to-Mobile Trust Transfer and Previous Satisfaction on the Foundation of Mobile Banking Initial Trust , 2009, 2009 Eighth International Conference on Mobile Business.

[150]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  Information quality benchmarks: product and service performance , 2002, CACM.