Electrostatic precursors to granular slip events

It has been known for over a century that electrical signals are produced by material failure, for example during crack formation of crystals and glasses, or stick-slip motion of liquid mercury on glass. We describe here new experiments revealing that slip events in cohesive powders also produce electrical signals, and remarkably these signals can appear significantly in advance of slip events. We have confirmed this effect in two different experimental systems and using two common powdered materials, and in a third experiment we have demonstrated that similar voltage signals are produced by crack-like defects in several powdered materials.

[1]  Arshad Kudrolli,et al.  Friction in Granular Layers: Hysteresis and Precursors , 1997 .

[2]  B. Ustundag,et al.  ELECTROSTATIC IMAGING FOR DETECTION OF POSSIBLE EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORY STRUCTURAL CHANGES , 2006 .

[3]  K. Morris,et al.  Effect of the variation in the ambient moisture on the compaction behavior of powder undergoing roller-compaction and on the characteristics of tablets produced from the post-milled granules. , 2005, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[4]  E Altshuler,et al.  Avalanche prediction in a self-organized pile of beads. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[5]  Theodore J. Williams,et al.  Investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions in a Deep Underground Mine , 2005 .

[6]  Osborne Reynolds Ll.D. F.R.S..  LVII. On the dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact. With experimental illustrations , 1885 .

[7]  Tkachenko,et al.  Memory effects in granular materials , 2000, Physical review letters.

[8]  J. Fineberg,et al.  Slip-stick and the evolution of frictional strength , 2010, Nature.

[9]  A. Martini,et al.  Friction, slip and structural inhomogeneity of the buried interface , 2011 .

[10]  Hiroyuki Nagahama,et al.  Electric potential changes associated with nucleation of stick-slip of simulated gouges , 2011 .

[11]  Troy Shinbrot,et al.  An observed correlation between flow and electrical properties of pharmaceutical blends , 2009 .

[12]  D. Finkelstein,et al.  Earthquake Lightning , 1970, Nature.

[13]  H. Bowen.  Ceramics as Engineering Materials: Structure-Property-Processing , 1983 .

[14]  J. Zink,et al.  Triboluminescence and the dynamics of crystal fracture , 1980 .

[15]  F. Vallianatos,et al.  A physical model of Electric Earthquake Precursors due to crack propagation and the motion of charged edge dislocations , 2006 .

[16]  R. Speir.  Triboluminescence. , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  J. Langer,et al.  Dynamics of viscoplastic deformation in amorphous solids , 1997, cond-mat/9712114.

[18]  Carlson,et al.  Mechanical model of an earthquake fault. , 1989, Physical review. A, General physics.

[19]  M. Johnston,et al.  A mechanism to explain the generation of earthquake lights , 1983, Nature.

[20]  J. Langer,et al.  Shear-transformation-zone theory of linear glassy dynamics. , 2011, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[21]  C. Fidani,et al.  The earthquake lights (EQL) of the 6 April 2009 Aquila earthquake, in Central Italy , 2010 .

[22]  E. N. Harvey.  THE LUMINESCENCE OF ADHESIVE TAPE. , 1939, Science.

[23]  M. Johnston,et al.  Review of Electric and Magnetic Fields Accompanying Seismic and Volcanic Activity , 1997 .

[24]  Runyu Yang,et al.  Dynamics of wet particles in rotating drums: Effect of liquid surface tension , 2011 .

[25]  C. Marone,et al.  Effect of strain localization on frictional behavior of sheared granular materials , 2010 .

[26]  K. Daniels,et al.  Granular Controls on Periodicity of Stick-Slip Events: Kinematics and Force-Chains in an Experimental Fault , 2011 .

[27]  A. Walton,et al.  Triboluminescence of glasses and quartz , 1983 .

[28]  Fernando J. Muzzio,et al.  Shear and flow behavior of pharmaceutical blends — Method comparison study , 2011 .

[29]  V. Latora,et al.  Self-Organized Criticality and earthquakes , 2007, 0711.1750.

[30]  Falk K. Wittel,et al.  Mechanisms in impact fragmentation , 2008 .

[31]  Juan V. Escobar,et al.  Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape , 2008, Nature.

[32]  Akihiro Takeuchi,et al.  Electric currents streaming out of stressed igneous rocks - A step towards understanding pre-earthquake low frequency EM emissions , 2006 .

[33]  Stéphane Douady,et al.  Two types of avalanche behaviour in granular media , 1999, Nature.

[34]  D. Lockner,et al.  Stick slip, charge separation and decay , 1986 .

[35]  AE KAISER EFFECT AND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION IN THE DEFORMATION OF ROCK SAMPLE , 2004 .

[36]  Doug Stead,et al.  Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes—the 1991 Randa rockslide , 2004 .

[37]  A. Yu.  The packing of solid particles , 1989 .

[38]  Stuart L. Cantor,et al.  Formulation and characterization of a compacted multiparticulate system for modified release of water-soluble drugs--part 1--acetaminophen. , 2009, Drug development and industrial pharmacy.

[39]  Andrea J. Liu,et al.  The Jamming Transition and the Marginally Jammed Solid , 2010 .

[40]  N. Nachtrieb,et al.  Principles of Modern Chemistry , 1986 .

[41]  Clive Davies,et al.  An experimental/computational approach for examining unconfined cohesive powder flow. , 2006, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[42]  Troy Shinbrot,et al.  Spontaneous chaotic granular mixing , 1999, Nature.