Sulfuric acid resistance of one-part alkali-activated mortars

Abstract One-part alkali-activated (geopolymer) mortars based on three different silica-rich starting materials and sodium aluminate, with and without ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) addition, were tested regarding sulfuric acid resistance according to DIN 19573:2016-03 (70 days at pH = 1). Corresponding pastes were characterized by XRD, SEM, chemical analysis, 29Si MAS NMR and 1H-29Si CPMAS NMR after water storage and after acid exposure. The mortars exhibited a high resistance against sulfuric acid attack, with the best ones conforming to the requirements of DIN 19573:2016-03. The analytical results showed that this was due to precipitation of silica gel at the acid-mortar interface, which formed a mechanically stable layer that protected the subjacent mortar and thus inhibited further degradation. The addition of GGBFS decreased the acid resistance via formation of expansive calcium sulfate phases.

[1]  C. Dobson,et al.  Location of Aluminum in Substituted Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C‐S‐H) Gels as Determined by 29Si and 27Al NMR and EELS , 1993 .

[2]  A. McCormick,et al.  Thermochemistry of aqueous silicate solution precursors to ceramics , 1997 .

[3]  T. Bakharev,et al.  Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack , 2005 .

[4]  Ryan L. Hartman,et al.  Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms of Zeolite Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid , 2005 .

[5]  A. Nonat,et al.  27Al and 29Si solid-state NMR characterization of calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate. , 2012, Inorganic chemistry.

[6]  J. Klinowski,et al.  Magic‐Angle‐Spinning NMR (MAS‐NMR) Spectroscopy and the Structure of Zeolites , 1983 .

[7]  JOSEPH V. Smith,et al.  Nuclear magnetic resonance of silica polymorphs , 1983, Nature.

[8]  J. J. Lenehan,et al.  Durability of Building Materials and Components in the Agricultural Environment, Part II: Metal Structures , 2000 .

[9]  Erez N. Allouche,et al.  Evaluation of the potential of geopolymer mortar in the rehabilitation of buried infrastructure , 2012 .

[10]  J. Provis,et al.  29Si NMR study of structural ordering in aluminosilicate geopolymer gels. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[11]  Ryan L. Hartman,et al.  Understanding the dissolution of zeolites. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[12]  Tsuyoshi Murata,et al.  {m , 1934, ACML.

[13]  J. Wastiels,et al.  Low-temperature synthesized aluminosilicate glasses , 1996 .

[14]  Gorjan Alagic,et al.  #p , 2019, Quantum information & computation.

[15]  John L. Provis,et al.  Thermal Activation of Albite for the Synthesis of One‐Part Mix Geopolymers , 2012 .

[16]  Y. Shinohara,et al.  Quantitative analysis of tridymite and cristobalite crystallized in rice husk ash by heating. , 2004, Industrial health.

[17]  J. Deventer,et al.  One-Part Geopolymer Mixes from Geothermal Silica and Sodium Aluminate , 2008 .

[18]  E. Hullebusch,et al.  Influence of the binder on the behaviour of mortars exposed to H2S in sewer networks: a long-term durability study , 2016 .

[19]  B. Hillemeier,et al.  Hochleistungsbeton : Beispiel Säureresistenz , 2000 .

[20]  Rupert J. Myers,et al.  X-ray microtomography shows pore structure and tortuosity in alkali-activated binders , 2012 .

[21]  E. V. van Hullebusch,et al.  Behaviour of different cementitious material formulations in sewer networks. , 2014, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[22]  A. Tagnit-Hamou,et al.  Durability test methods and their application to AAMs: case of sulfuric-acid resistance , 2017 .

[23]  Gebräuchliche Fertigarzneimittel,et al.  V , 1893, Therapielexikon Neurologie.

[24]  Andreas Koenig,et al.  Resistance of alkali-activated binders to organic acid attack: Assessment of evaluation criteria and damage mechanisms , 2017 .

[25]  Jadambaa Temuujin,et al.  Characterisation of class F fly ash geopolymer pastes immersed in acid and alkaline solutions , 2011 .

[26]  J. Deventer,et al.  Acid resistance of inorganic polymer binders. 1. Corrosion rate , 2012 .

[27]  G. Maciel,et al.  A Detailed Model of Local Structure and Silanol Hydrogen Bonding of Silica Gel Surfaces , 1997 .

[28]  M. Illikainen,et al.  One-part alkali-activated materials : a review , 2018 .

[29]  Á. Palomo,et al.  Durability of alkali-activated fly ash cementitious materials , 2007 .

[30]  P. Chindaprasirt,et al.  Resistance of lignite bottom ash geopolymer mortar to sulfate and sulfuric acid attack , 2012 .

[31]  Catherine L. Nicholson,et al.  The composition range of aluminosilicate geopolymers , 2005 .

[32]  H. Brouwers,et al.  Degree of reaction and phase content of silica-based one-part geopolymers investigated using chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods , 2015, Journal of Materials Science.

[33]  S. Bernal,et al.  Generalized structural description of calcium-sodium aluminosilicate hydrate gels: the cross-linked substituted tobermorite model. , 2013, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[34]  C. Jäger,et al.  Differentiation of the solid-state NMR signals of gel, zeolite phases and water species in geopolymer-zeolite composites , 2017 .

[35]  Hans-Carsten Kühne,et al.  Synthesizing one-part geopolymers from rice husk ash , 2016 .

[36]  Nele De Belie,et al.  Investigation of the influence of blast-furnace slag on the resistance of concrete against organic acid or sulphate attack by means of accelerated degradation tests , 2012 .

[37]  C. Grengg,et al.  The decisive role of acidophilic bacteria in concrete sewer networks: A new model for fast progressing microbial concrete corrosion , 2017 .

[38]  Eric H. Oelkers,et al.  General kinetic description of multioxide silicate mineral and glass dissolution , 2001 .

[39]  P. Deb,et al.  Sorptivity and acid resistance of ambient-cured geopolymer mortars containing nano-silica , 2016 .

[40]  J. Deventer,et al.  Modification of phase evolution in alkali-activated blast furnace slag by the incorporation of fly ash , 2014 .

[41]  Á. Palomo,et al.  Alkaline Activation of Fly Ashes: NMR Study of the Reaction Products , 2004 .

[42]  A. Allahverdi,et al.  SULFURIC ACID ATTACK ON HARDENED PASTE OF GEOPOLYMER CEMENTS PART 1. MECHANISM OF CORROSION AT RELATIVELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS , 2005 .

[43]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[44]  Huidan Yin,et al.  Impact of acids on the structure and composition of Linde Type A zeolites for use in reverse osmosis membranes for recovery of urine-containing wastewaters , 2015 .

[45]  Nakshatra B. Singh,et al.  Durability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete in the presence of silica fume , 2017 .

[46]  É. Lippmaa,et al.  Structural studies of silicates by solid-state high-resolution silicon-29 NMR , 1980 .

[47]  K. Rübner,et al.  Geopolymerization of a silica residue from waste treatment of chlorosilane production , 2013 .

[48]  G. Maciel,et al.  Silicon-29 NMR study of the surface of silica gel by cross polarization and magic-angle spinning , 1980 .

[49]  Wolfgang Sand,et al.  Concrete corrosion in the Hamburg Sewer system , 1984 .