The development of SlowMo: How inclusive, user-centred design research can improve psychological therapies for psychosis

metaphors to tailor the appeal, engagement and memorability of therapy to a diversity of needs. Feasibility testing has been promising, and the efficacy of SlowMo therapy is now being tested in a multi-centred randomised controlled trial. The study demonstrates that developments in psychological theory and techniques can be enhanced by improving the usability of the therapy interface in order to optimise its impact in daily life.

[1]  P. Kostopoulou,et al.  Psychological Interventions , 2019, Vitiligo.

[2]  R. Emsley,et al.  Digital interventions in severe mental health problems: lessons from the Actissist development and trial , 2018, World Psychiatry.

[3]  Robert E Drake,et al.  Mobile Health (mHealth) Versus Clinic-Based Group Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial. , 2018, Psychiatric services.

[4]  R. Emsley,et al.  Actissist: Proof-of-Concept Trial of a Theory-Driven Digital Intervention for Psychosis , 2018, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[5]  Sophia H. Quraishi,et al.  Potential Benefits of Incorporating Peer-to-Peer Interactions Into Digital Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review. , 2017, Psychiatric services.

[6]  Heleen Riper,et al.  A Solution-Focused Research Approach to Achieve an Implementable Revolution in Digital Mental Health , 2017, JAMA psychiatry.

[7]  Floor Sieverink,et al.  Clarifying the Concept of Adherence to eHealth Technology: Systematic Review on When Usage Becomes Adherence , 2017, Journal of medical Internet research.

[8]  R. Emsley,et al.  SlowMo, a digital therapy targeting reasoning in paranoia, versus treatment as usual in the treatment of people who fear harm from others: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial , 2017, Trials.

[9]  It's All in the Game-The Uses of Gamification to Motivate Behavior Change. , 2017, JAMA internal medicine.

[10]  Saskia M Kelders,et al.  Self-Guided Web-Based Interventions: Scoping Review on User Needs and the Potential of Embodied Conversational Agents to Address Them , 2017, Journal of medical Internet research.

[11]  Trisha Greenhalgh,et al.  Beyond Adoption: A New Framework for Theorizing and Evaluating Nonadoption, Abandonment, and Challenges to the Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability of Health and Care Technologies , 2017, Journal of medical Internet research.

[12]  Steven H. Jones,et al.  Users’ experiences of an online intervention for bipolar disorder: important lessons for design and evaluation , 2017, Evidence Based Journals.

[13]  N. Meyer,et al.  Developing digital interventions for people living with serious mental illness: perspectives from three mHealth studies , 2017, Evidence Based Journals.

[14]  P. Garety,et al.  Fast and slow thinking in distressing delusions: A review of the literature and implications for targeted therapy , 2017, Schizophrenia Research.

[15]  R. Hertwig,et al.  Nudging and Boosting: Steering or Empowering Good Decisions , 2017, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[16]  P. Garety,et al.  Virtual reality in the assessment and treatment of psychosis: a systematic review of its utility, acceptability and effectiveness , 2017, Psychological Medicine.

[17]  T. Wykes,et al.  Improving Adherence to Web-Based and Mobile Technologies for People With Psychosis: Systematic Review of New Potential Predictors of Adherence , 2017, JMIR mHealth and uHealth.

[18]  Steven H. Jones,et al.  Protocol for an online randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a peer-supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder: Relatives Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT) , 2017, BMJ Open.

[19]  R. Stewart,et al.  Identification of the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) using a cross-sectional sample from electronic health records and open-text information in a large UK-based mental health case register , 2017, BMJ Open.

[20]  D. Freeman,et al.  Persistent persecutory delusions: The spirit, style and content of targeted treatment , 2017, World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association.

[21]  Janneke Noordman,et al.  Active Involvement of End Users When Developing Web-Based Mental Health Interventions , 2017, Front. Psychiatry.

[22]  John Torous,et al.  Needed Innovation in Digital Health and Smartphone Applications for Mental Health: Transparency and Trust. , 2017, JAMA psychiatry.

[23]  Aaron R Lyon,et al.  Accelerating Digital Mental Health Research From Early Design and Creation to Successful Implementation and Sustainment , 2017, Journal of medical Internet research.

[24]  Ho Ming Lau,et al.  Embodied Conversational Agents in Clinical Psychology: A Scoping Review , 2017, Journal of medical Internet research.

[25]  A. Morrison A manualised treatment protocol to guide delivery of evidence-based cognitive therapy for people with distressing psychosis: learning from clinical trials , 2017 .

[26]  Robert West,et al.  Applying and advancing behavior change theories and techniques in the context of a digital health revolution: proposals for more effectively realizing untapped potential , 2017, Journal of Behavioral Medicine.

[27]  L. Sterling,et al.  Promoting Personal Recovery in People with Persisting Psychotic Disorders: Development and Pilot Study of a Novel Digital Intervention , 2016, Frontiers in psychiatry.

[28]  David Osborn,et al.  Tomorrow's world: current developments in the therapeutic use of technology for psychosis , 2016, BJPsych Advances.

[29]  D. Ben-Zeev,et al.  mHealth for Schizophrenia: Patient Engagement With a Mobile Phone Intervention Following Hospital Discharge , 2016, JMIR mental health.

[30]  R. Emsley,et al.  Acceptability of Interventions Delivered Online and Through Mobile Phones for People Who Experience Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review , 2016, Journal of medical Internet research.

[31]  Danielle A Schlosser,et al.  Feasibility of PRIME: A Cognitive Neuroscience-Informed Mobile App Intervention to Enhance Motivated Behavior and Improve Quality of Life in Recent Onset Schizophrenia , 2016, JMIR research protocols.

[32]  Daniel E. Rivera,et al.  Agile science: creating useful products for behavior change in the real world , 2016, Translational behavioral medicine.

[33]  Simone Orlowski,et al.  Mental Health Technologies: Designing With Consumers , 2016, JMIR human factors.

[34]  J. Torous,et al.  Smartphone Apps for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review , 2015, JMIR mHealth and uHealth.

[35]  T. Lincoln,et al.  Does Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) show a sustainable effect on delusions? A meta-analysis , 2015, Front. Psychol..

[36]  Ken Friedman,et al.  Shè Jì: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation , 2015 .

[37]  Kees Dorst,et al.  Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field , 2015 .

[38]  R. Emsley,et al.  Thinking Well: A randomised controlled feasibility study of a new CBT therapy targeting reasoning biases in people with distressing persecutory delusional beliefs , 2015, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.

[39]  Geke D. S. Ludden,et al.  How to Increase Reach and Adherence of Web-Based Interventions: A Design Research Viewpoint , 2015, Journal of medical Internet research.

[40]  R. Tamblyn,et al.  Preferences of Young Adults With First-Episode Psychosis for Receiving Specialized Mental Health Services Using Technology: A Survey Study , 2015, JMIR mental health.

[41]  R. Morriss,et al.  Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution , 2015, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[42]  G. Dunn,et al.  Psychological treatments for early psychosis can be beneficial or harmful, depending on the therapeutic alliance: an instrumental variable analysis , 2015, Psychological Medicine.

[43]  Michael B. Spring,et al.  Critical design elements of e-health applications for users with severe mental illness: singular focus, simple architecture, prominent contents, explicit navigation, and inclusive hyperlinks. , 2015, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[44]  P J Diggle,et al.  Feasibility and acceptability of web-based enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder (ERPonline): trial protocol. , 2015, Contemporary clinical trials.

[45]  D. Asch,et al.  Wearable devices as facilitators, not drivers, of health behavior change. , 2015, JAMA.

[46]  R. Emsley,et al.  Cognitive Mechanisms of Change in Delusions: An Experimental Investigation Targeting Reasoning to Effect Change in Paranoia , 2014, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[47]  P. Garety,et al.  Opportunities and challenges in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies for people with Severe Mental Illness (IAPT-SMI): evaluating the first operational year of the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) demonstration site for psychosis. , 2015, Behaviour research and therapy.

[48]  D. Ben-Zeev,et al.  Strategies for mHealth Research: Lessons from 3 Mobile Intervention Studies , 2015, Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.

[49]  E. Eisner,et al.  An investigation of the implementation of NICE-recommended CBT interventions for people with schizophrenia , 2014, Journal of mental health.

[50]  Mark van der Gaag,et al.  The effects of individually tailored formulation-based cognitive behavioural therapy in auditory hallucinations and delusions: A meta-analysis , 2014, Schizophrenia Research.

[51]  P. Cuijpers,et al.  Psychological interventions for psychosis: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. , 2014, The American journal of psychiatry.

[52]  Reeva Lederman,et al.  Moderated online social therapy: Designing and evaluating technology for mental health , 2014, TCHI.

[53]  P. Jenkins Schizophrenia Commission report. , 2013, Mental health today.

[54]  Susan M. Kaiser,et al.  Development and usability testing of FOCUS: a smartphone system for self-management of schizophrenia. , 2013, Psychiatric rehabilitation journal.

[55]  G. Dunn,et al.  Patients' beliefs about the causes, persistence and control of psychotic experiences predict take-up of effective cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis , 2012, Psychological Medicine.

[56]  E. Granholm,et al.  Mobile Assessment and Treatment for Schizophrenia (MATS): a pilot trial of an interactive text-messaging intervention for medication adherence, socialization, and auditory hallucinations. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[57]  Kees Dorst,et al.  The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application , 2011 .

[58]  G. Dunn,et al.  Targeting reasoning biases in delusions: A pilot study of the Maudsley Review Training Programme for individuals with persistent, high conviction delusions , 2011, Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.

[59]  S. Marder,et al.  The brief negative symptom scale: psychometric properties. , 2011, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[60]  G. Dunn,et al.  A Randomized Experimental Investigation of Reasoning Training for People With Delusions , 2009, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[61]  L. Hiller,et al.  The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation , 2007, Health and quality of life outcomes.

[62]  G. Dunn,et al.  Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS) , 2007, Psychological Medicine.

[63]  G. Dunn,et al.  Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences? An empirical investigation. , 2004, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[64]  Simeon Keates,et al.  Countering Design Exclusion: An Introduction to Inclusive Design , 2003 .

[65]  C. Padesky,et al.  Mind over mood: A cognitive therapy treatment manual for clients. , 1995 .

[66]  C. Lowe,et al.  A cognitive approach to measuring and modifying delusions. , 1994, Behaviour research and therapy.

[67]  Carl Machover,et al.  Virtual reality , 1994, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[68]  B. Everitt,et al.  Acting on Delusions. I: Prevalence , 1993, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[69]  Kenneth T. Henson Active Involvement , 1982 .