Efficient and Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Triphenylamine Hole-Transporting Material.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a p-i-n structure have attracted great attention. Normally, inorganic p-type metal oxides or polymers are used as the hole-transport material (HTM), a vital component in the inverted PSCs. However, this type of HTM often requires high processing temperatures and/or high costs. On the other hand, a commonly used organic HTM, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is sensitive to humidity and thus affects the stability of the PSCs. Herein, we employ a small molecule, 4,4',4''-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) to replace PEDOT:PSS as a new HTM for inverted PSCs. Compared to a PEDOT:PSS-based device, m-MTDATA-based PSCs exhibit enhanced performance. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was notably improved from 13.44 % (PEDOT:PSS) to 18.12 % (m-MTDATA), suggesting that m-MTDATA could be an efficient HTM to achieve high performance inverted PSCs. Furthermore, the m-MTDATA-based device demonstrated improved stability (retaining 90 % PCE) under ambient conditions over 1000 h compared with the PEDOT:PSS-based devices (retaining 40 % PCE).

[1]  T. Hayat,et al.  Optical-Electrical-Chemical Engineering of PEDOT:PSS by Incorporation of Hydrophobic Nafion for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[2]  T. Bein,et al.  Design rules for the preparation of low-cost hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells with moisture barrier properties , 2017 .

[3]  Tongle Bu,et al.  A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[4]  T. Hayat,et al.  Efficient Planar Structured Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage and Suppressed Charge Recombination Based on a Slow Grown Perovskite Layer from Lead Acetate Precursor. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[5]  Chien-Yu Chen,et al.  Very high hole drift mobility in neat and doped molecular thin films for normal and inverted perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[6]  A. Djurišić,et al.  Cesium Doped NiOx as an Efficient Hole Extraction Layer for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells , 2017 .

[7]  S. Manzhos,et al.  Thienylvinylenethienyl and naphthalene core substituted with triphenylamines-highly efficient hole transporting materials and their comparative study for inverted perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[8]  Tao Wang,et al.  Conjugated Small Molecule for Efficient Hole Transport in High‐Performance p‐i‐n Type Perovskite Solar Cells , 2017 .

[9]  Dong Uk Lee,et al.  Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells , 2017, Science.

[10]  Sang Jin Park,et al.  Inverted planar perovskite solar cells with dopant free hole transporting material: Lewis base-assisted passivation and reduced charge recombination , 2017 .

[11]  Jinsong Huang,et al.  Defect passivation in hybrid perovskite solar cells using quaternary ammonium halide anions and cations , 2017, Nature Energy.

[12]  K. Wong,et al.  Large‐Grain Formamidinium PbI3–xBrx for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells via Intermediate Halide Exchange , 2017 .

[13]  C. B. Nielsen,et al.  High mobility, hole transport materials for highly efficient PEDOT:PSS replacement in inverted perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[14]  Thomas M. Brown,et al.  Advances in hole transport materials engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[15]  Shangfeng Yang,et al.  Successive surface engineering of TiO2 compact layers via dual modification of fullerene derivatives affording hysteresis-suppressed high-performance perovskite solar cells , 2017 .

[16]  Z. Yin,et al.  Enhanced electron extraction using SnO2 for high-efficiency planar-structure HC(NH2)2PbI3-based perovskite solar cells , 2016, Nature Energy.

[17]  Lixin Xiao,et al.  Room-temperature and solution-processed copper iodide as the hole transport layer for inverted planar perovskite solar cells. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[18]  Chunhui Huang,et al.  Solution processed inorganic V2Ox as interfacial function materials for inverted planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency , 2016, Nano Research.

[19]  Youqi Zhu,et al.  Highly Efficient p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells Utilizing Novel Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Hole Transport Materials with Linear π-Conjugated Structure. , 2016, Small.

[20]  Lixin Xiao,et al.  High-performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed CuOx hole transport layer. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[21]  Anders Hagfeldt,et al.  Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5ee03874j Click here for additional data file. , 2016, Energy & environmental science.

[22]  P. Heremans,et al.  Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Material with a C3h Symmetrical Truxene Core for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[23]  W. Que,et al.  High efficiency hysteresis-less inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with a solution-derived NiOx hole contact layer , 2015 .

[24]  Wei Chen,et al.  Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers , 2015, Science.

[25]  R. Munir,et al.  Solution-processed inorganic copper( i ) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole transporting layers for efficient p–i–n perovskite solar cells , 2015 .

[26]  Zong-Liang Tseng,et al.  High efficiency stable inverted perovskite solar cells without current hysteresis , 2015 .

[27]  Yaohua Mai,et al.  Controllable Grain Morphology of Perovskite Absorber Film by Molecular Self-Assembly toward Efficient Solar Cell Exceeding 17%. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  Yongbo Yuan,et al.  Non-wetting surface-driven high-aspect-ratio crystalline grain growth for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells , 2015, Nature Communications.

[29]  J. Keum,et al.  Perovskite Solar Cells with Near 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency Based on Large Single Crystalline Grains and Vertical Bulk Heterojunctions. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[30]  Yunlong Li,et al.  CuSCN-Based Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cell with an Average PCE of 15.6%. , 2015, Nano letters.

[31]  Xudong Yang,et al.  Hybrid interfacial layer leads to solid performance improvement of inverted perovskite solar cells , 2015 .

[32]  Yang Yang,et al.  Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells , 2014, Science.

[33]  Nripan Mathews,et al.  Advancements in perovskite solar cells: photophysics behind the photovoltaics , 2014 .

[34]  K. Leo,et al.  Hole-transport material variation in fully vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells , 2014 .

[35]  Qi Chen,et al.  Low-temperature solution-processed perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and flexibility. , 2014, ACS nano.

[36]  H. Snaith.  Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells , 2013 .

[37]  Nam-Gyu Park,et al.  Organometal Perovskite Light Absorbers Toward a 20% Efficiency Low-Cost Solid-State Mesoscopic Solar Cell , 2013 .

[38]  J. Noh,et al.  Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructured solar cells. , 2013, Nano letters.

[39]  T. Miyasaka,et al.  Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  Liming Ding,et al.  Modified PEDOT Layer Makes a 1.52 V Voc for Perovskite/PCBM Solar Cells , 2017 .