Disclosed are a DC power supply dynamic simulation system and a DC power supply test system. The DC power supply dynamic simulation system comprises a storage battery, a charging cabinet, a control cabinet, a test cabinet, a resistor cabinet, a feeder cabinet, an emergency lighting cabinet, a communication power supply cabinet, and an AC power distribution cabinet. The communication power supply cabinet and the emergency lighting cabinet are electrically connected to the AC power distribution cabinet. The charging cabinet converts the alternating current of the AC power distribution cabinet into a direct current, and stores the direct current into the storage battery. The storage battery and the charging cabinet provide a DC power supply to the test cabinet and the feeder cabinet through a selector switch. A sliding resistor in the resistor cabinet adjusts the current magnitude in a test cabinet circuit. The control cabinet controls the test cabinet through a control switch. The feeder cabinet is electrically connected to the storage battery. The present invention recommends a reasonable solution with selective protection to the configuration of a DC system protecting element, to achieve the purposes of security, practicability and accuracy in electric power applications.