Vision with a scanning laser display: comparison of flicker sensitivity to a CRT

Abstract Laser scanning displays allow for large depth-of-focus, reduced optical aberrations, and high luminance. However, scanned laser light images have no phosphor persistence. Psychophysical tests with a 3-color laser display showed that flicker thresholds were nearly equal with a laser display relative to the CRT when both were matched in luminance, resolution, frame rate, and similar chromaticity. The threshold ratio was 1.14 (range 0.7–1.6). Differences in flicker sensitivity between displays were significantly related to the absolute energy at the cornea irrespective of the subjective luminance match. Flicker sensitivity was not enhanced by a laser scanning display without image persistence.

[1]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Comparison of four methods of heterochromatic photometry. , 1972, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[2]  T. Hase,et al.  Phosphor materials for cathode-ray tubes , 1990 .

[3]  David R. Williams,et al.  Serial spatial filters in vision , 1993, Vision Research.

[4]  Walter F. Bischof,et al.  Phosphor persistence in oscilloscopic displays: its luminance and visibility , 1994, Vision Research.

[5]  S. Sherr.  Electronic displays , 1979 .

[6]  L. Kaufman,et al.  Handbook of perception and human performance , 1986 .

[7]  V Di Lollo,et al.  Inverse-intensity effect in duration of visible persistence. , 1995, Psychological bulletin.

[8]  D. G. Vass,et al.  OSA Technical Digest Series , 1990 .

[9]  Robert H. Webb,et al.  Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[10]  H. Barlow.  Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities , 1958, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  D H Kelly,et al.  Diffusion model of linear flicker responses. , 1969, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[12]  D. Williams,et al.  Visibility of interference fringes near the resolution limit. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[13]  J. Roufs.  Dynamic properties of vision. I. Experimental relationships between flicker and flash thresholds. , 1972, Vision research.

[14]  David Williams,et al.  A visual nonlinearity fed by single cones , 1992, Vision Research.

[15]  E Viirre,et al.  Laser safety analysis of a retinal scanning display system. , 1997, Journal of laser applications.

[16]  V. di Lollo,et al.  Phosphor persistence of oscilloscopic displays: a comparison of four phosphors. , 1997, Spatial vision.

[17]  Walter F. Bischof,et al.  On the confounding effects of phosphor persistence in oscilloscopic displays , 1993, Vision Research.

[18]  Donald H. Jacobs.  The Stiles-Crawford Effect and the Design of Telescopes , 1944 .

[19]  Eric J. Seibel,et al.  Evaluation of a scanned laser display as an alternative low vision computer interface , 1999 .

[20]  G Westheimer,et al.  The Maxwellian view. , 1966, Vision research.