Visual field biases for near and far stimuli in disparity selective columns in human visual cortex

ABSTRACT When visual objects are located in the lower visual field, human observers perceive objects to be nearer than their real physical location. Conversely, objects in the upper visual field are viewed farther than their physical location. This bias may be linked to the statistics of natural scenes, and perhaps the ecological relevance of objects in the upper and lower visual fields (Previc, 1990; Yang and Purves, 2003). However, the neural mechanisms underlying such perceptual distortions have remained unknown. To test for underlying brain mechanisms, we presented visual stimuli at different perceptual distances, while measuring high‐resolution fMRI in human subjects. First, we localized disparity‐selective thick stripes and thick‐type columns in secondary and third visual cortical areas, respectively. Consistent with the perceptual bias, we found that the thick stripe/columns that represent the lower visual field also responded more selectively to near rather than far visual stimuli. Conversely, thick stripe/columns that represent the upper visual field show a complementary bias, i.e. selectively higher activity to far rather than near stimuli. Thus, the statistics of natural scenes may play a significant role in the organization of near‐ and far‐selective neurons within V2 thick stripes and V3 thick‐type columns. HIGHLIGHTSWithin human visual cortex, preferential responses to near vs. far stimuli are organized within thick stripes and thick‐type columns in V2 and V3, respectively.near' and ‘far’ clusters are preferentially located in the retinotopic representation of the lower and upper visual fields, respectively.This heterogeneous distribution is consistent with a known perceptual bias which ‘exaggerates’ the perception of near and far distances in lower vs. upper visual fields, respectively.