Is gaze behaviour in a laboratory context similar to that in real-life? A study in bicyclists

Numerous laboratory-based studies recorded eye movements in participants with varying expertise when watching video projections in the lab. Although research in the lab offers the advantage of internal validity, reliability and ethical considerations, ecological validity is often questionable. Therefore the current study compared visual search in 13 adult cyclists, when cycling a real bicycle path and while watching a film clip of the same road. Dwell time towards five Areas of Interest (AOIs) is analysed. Dwell time (%) in the lab and real-life was comparable only for the low quality bicycle path. Both in real-life and the lab, gaze is predominantly driven towards the road. Since gaze behaviour in the lab and real-life tends to be comparable with increasing task-complexity (road quality), it is concluded that under certain task constraints laboratory experiments making use of video clips might provide valuable information regarding gaze behaviour in real-life.

[1]  H. Saito,et al.  A New Cecal Slurry Preparation Protocol with Improved Long-Term Reproducibility for Animal Models of Sepsis , 2014, PloS one.

[2]  Julien Bastin,et al.  What is visual anticipation and how much does it rely on the dorsal stream , 2008 .

[3]  A. Kemeny,et al.  Evaluating perception in driving simulation experiments , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[4]  T. Foulsham,et al.  The where, what and when of gaze allocation in the lab and the natural environment , 2011, Vision Research.

[5]  A. Williams,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article Ergonomics Anticipation and Visual Search Behaviour in Expert Soccer Goalkeepers Anticipation and Visual Search Behaviour in Expert Soccer Goalkeepers , 2022 .

[6]  Christopher D. Egan.  Children’s gaze behaviour at real-world and simulated road crossings. , 2012 .

[7]  Benjamin W. Tatler,et al.  Current understanding of eye guidance , 2009 .

[8]  Peter Chapman,et al.  VISUAL SEARCH PATTERNS IN TRAINED AND UNTRAINED NOVICE DRIVERS , 2002 .

[9]  Pieter Vansteenkiste,et al.  The role of visual information in the steering behaviour of young and adult bicyclists , 2015 .

[10]  Mary Hayhoe,et al.  Control of attention and gaze in complex environments. , 2006, Journal of vision.

[11]  J. Henderson.  Human gaze control during real-world scene perception , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[12]  D. Ballard,et al.  Modelling the role of task in the control of gaze , 2009, Visual cognition.

[13]  B. Tatler,et al.  Looking and Acting: Vision and eye movements in natural behaviour , 2009 .

[14]  R J Bootsma,et al.  Accuracy of Perceptual Processes Subserving Different Perception–Action Systems , 1989, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[15]  M. Land.  Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior , 2009, Visual Neuroscience.

[16]  Evan F. Risko,et al.  Social attention with real versus reel stimuli: toward an empirical approach to concerns about ecological validity , 2012, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[17]  Lynn Huestegge,et al.  The development of hazard perception: Dissociation of visual orientation and hazard processing , 2010 .

[18]  K. Davids,et al.  Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action , 2010, Attention, perception & psychophysics.

[19]  Greet Cardon,et al.  The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[20]  A. Williams,et al.  Anticipation skill in a real-world task: measurement, training, and transfer in tennis. , 2002, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[21]  Mark S Horswill,et al.  The development and validation of a hazard perception test for use in driver licensing. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[22]  J. Vickers.  Perception, Cognition, and Decision Training: The Quiet Eye in Action , 2007 .

[23]  Vicky Lewis,et al.  Children's Attentional Skills and Road Behavior , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[24]  P. König,et al.  Gaze allocation in natural stimuli: Comparing free exploration to head-fixed viewing conditions , 2009 .

[25]  G. Wulf,et al.  Extended Book Review: Attention and Motor Skill Learning , 2007 .

[26]  Peter Veelaert,et al.  Cycling around a Curve: The Effect of Cycling Speed on Steering and Gaze Behavior , 2014, PloS one.

[27]  M. Hayhoe,et al.  The coordination of eye, head, and hand movements in a natural task , 2001, Experimental Brain Research.

[28]  R. Saxe,et al.  Look at this: the neural correlates of initiating and responding to bids for joint attention , 2012, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[29]  M. Goodale,et al.  The visual brain in action , 1995 .

[30]  A. Williams,et al.  Visual perception and action in sport , 1999 .

[31]  M. Goodale,et al.  Two visual systems re-viewed , 2008, Neuropsychologia.

[32]  Barry B. Lee,et al.  Temporal frequency and chromatic processing in humans: an fMRI study of the cortical visual areas. , 2011, Journal of vision.

[33]  K. Rosengren,et al.  The Separation of Action and Perception and the Issue of Affordances , 2001 .

[34]  Kenneth Holmqvist,et al.  Eye tracking: a comprehensive guide to methods and measures , 2011 .

[35]  D. Ballard,et al.  Eye guidance in natural vision: reinterpreting salience. , 2011, Journal of vision.

[36]  Greet Cardon,et al.  The implications of low quality bicycle paths on gaze behavior of cyclists: a field test , 2014 .

[37]  Mary M Hayhoe,et al.  Visual memory and motor planning in a natural task. , 2003, Journal of vision.

[38]  Andrew T. Duchowski,et al.  Eye Tracking Methodology - Theory and Practice, Third Edition , 2003 .

[39]  Daniel Memmert,et al.  The relationship between visual attention and expertise in sports. , 2009 .