Particle Image Velocimetry for Complex and Turbulent Flows

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has evolved to be the dominant method for velocimetry in experimental fluid mechanics and has contributed to many advances in our understanding of turbulent and complex flows. In this article we review the achievements of PIV and its latest implementations: time-resolved PIV for the rapid capture of sequences of vector fields; tomographic PIV for the capture of fully resolved volumetric data; and statistical PIV, designed to optimize measurements of mean statistical quantities rather than instantaneous fields. In each implementation, the accuracy and spatial resolution are limited. To advance the method to the next level, we need a completely new approach. We consider the fundamental limitations of two-pulse PIV in terms of its dynamic ranges. We then discuss new paths and developments that hold the promise of achieving a fundamental reduction in uncertainty.

[1]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Non-uniform optical transfer functions in particle imaging: calibration and application to tomographic reconstruction , 2013 .

[2]  B. Wieneke.  Iterative reconstruction of volumetric particle distribution , 2013 .

[3]  Hyung Jin Sung,et al.  Three-dimensional PIV measurement of flow around an arbitrarily moving body , 2012 .

[4]  R. Ventas,et al.  Simultaneous assessment of peak-locking and CCD readout errors through a multiple Δt strategy , 2012 .

[5]  Deepak Adhikari,et al.  Visual hull method for tomographic PIV measurement of flow around moving objects , 2012 .

[6]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Spatial resolution and dissipation rate estimation in Taylor--Couette flow for tomographic PIV , 2012 .

[7]  J. Bosbach,et al.  Large-scale tomographic PIV in forced and mixed convection using a parallel SMART version , 2012 .

[8]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  Tomographic-PIV measurement of the flow around a zigzag boundary layer trip , 2012 .

[9]  C. Kähler,et al.  Reynolds stress estimation up to single-pixel resolution using PIV-measurements , 2012 .

[10]  Stefano Discetti,et al.  A fast multi-resolution approach to tomographic PIV , 2012 .

[11]  R. Kat,et al.  Instantaneous planar pressure determination from PIV in turbulent flow , 2011, Experiments in Fluids.

[12]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Three-dimensional evolution of flow structures in transitional circular and chevron jets , 2011 .

[13]  Paul A Hsieh,et al.  Review of flow rate estimates of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[14]  N. Worth,et al.  Time-resolved volumetric measurement of fine-scale coherent structures in turbulence. , 2011, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[15]  J. Westerweel,et al.  A study on the application of two different acoustic analogies to experimental PIV data , 2011 .

[16]  Michel Stanislas,et al.  The accuracy of tomographic particle image velocimetry for measurements of a turbulent boundary layer , 2011 .

[17]  Matthias Kühn,et al.  Large-scale tomographic particle image velocimetry using helium-filled soap bubbles , 2011 .

[18]  Ronald Adrian,et al.  PIV through moving shocks with refracting curvature , 2011 .

[19]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  High speed PIV applied to aerodynamic noise investigation , 2011 .

[20]  D. Dennis,et al.  Experimental measurement of large-scale three-dimensional structures in a turbulent boundary layer. Part 1. Vortex packets , 2011, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[21]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  Full 3D-3C velocity measurement inside a liquid immersion droplet , 2011 .

[22]  Nicolas Buchmann,et al.  Tomographic particle image velocimetry investigation of the flow in a modeled human carotid artery bifurcation , 2011 .

[23]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Eulerian and Lagrangian views of a turbulent boundary layer flow using time-resolved tomographic PIV , 2011 .

[24]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  On the velocity of ghost particles and the bias errors in Tomographic-PIV , 2011 .

[25]  Oguz Uzol,et al.  The Effects of Inlet Guide Vane-Wake Impingement on the Boundary Layer and the Near-Wake of a Rotor Blade , 2010 .

[26]  Christian Willert,et al.  Pulsed operation of high-power light emitting diodes for imaging flow velocimetry , 2010 .

[27]  Kees Joost Batenburg,et al.  Motion tracking-enhanced MART for tomographic PIV , 2010 .

[28]  Nedunchezhian Swaminathan,et al.  A tomographic PIV resolution study based on homogeneous isotropic turbulence DNS data , 2010 .

[29]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Three-dimensional vortex organization in a high-Reynolds-number supersonic turbulent boundary layer , 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[30]  Ellen K. Longmire,et al.  Investigation of liquid–liquid drop coalescence using tomographic PIV , 2010 .

[31]  Ivan Marusic,et al.  Evolution and lifetimes of flow topology in a turbulent boundary layer , 2010 .

[32]  John K. Eaton,et al.  Sub-Kolmogorov resolution partical image velocimetry measurements of particle-laden forced turbulence , 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[33]  S. Wormald.  Numerical techniques in digital microscopic holographic particle image velocimetry , 2010 .

[34]  Carl D. Meinhart,et al.  Recent Advances in Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry , 2010 .

[35]  J. Katz,et al.  Applications of Holography in Fluid Mechanics and Particle Dynamics , 2010 .

[36]  Julio Soria,et al.  An efficient simultaneous reconstruction technique for tomographic particle image velocimetry , 2009 .

[37]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  Momentum and scalar transport at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of a jet , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[38]  Rolf Radespiel,et al.  Dynamics of laminar separation bubbles at low-Reynolds-number aerofoils , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[39]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Three-dimensional instantaneous structure of a shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[40]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Three-dimensional vorticity patterns of cylinder wakes , 2009 .

[41]  J. Westerweel,et al.  The flow structure of a puff , 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[42]  Dirk Michaelis,et al.  Tomographic and time resolved PIV measurements on a finite cylinder mounted on a flat plate , 2008 .

[43]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Volume self-calibration for 3D particle image velocimetry , 2008 .

[44]  Nicholas A. Worth,et al.  Acceleration of Tomo-PIV by estimating the initial volume intensity distribution , 2008 .

[45]  G. Elsinga,et al.  Tomographic particle image velocimetry and its application to turbulent boundary layers , 2008 .

[46]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  On velocity gradients in PIV interrogation , 2008 .

[47]  Andreas Schröder,et al.  Investigation of a turbulent spot and a tripped turbulent boundary layer flow using time-resolved tomographic PIV , 2008 .

[48]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  Particle–fluid interactions in grid-generated turbulence , 2007, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[49]  Haitao Xu,et al.  Acceleration correlations and pressure structure functions in high-reynolds number turbulence. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[50]  Christian J. Kähler,et al.  Fundamentals of multiframe particle image velocimetry (PIV) , 2007 .

[51]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Investigation of the Three-Dimensional Coherent Structures in a Turbulent Boundary Layer with Tomographic-PIV , 2007 .

[52]  John Foss,et al.  Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 2007 .

[53]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Measurement of laminar, transitional and turbulent pipe flow using Stereoscopic-PIV , 2007 .

[54]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Tomographic particle image velocimetry , 2006 .

[55]  J. Eaton,et al.  Homogeneous and isotropic turbulence modulation by small heavy ($St\sim 50$) particles , 2006, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[56]  W. Kinzelbach,et al.  Generalized detection of a turbulent front generated by an oscillating grid , 2006 .

[57]  Christian J. Kähler,et al.  Wall-shear-stress and near-wall turbulence measurements up to single pixel resolution by means of long-distance micro-PIV , 2006 .

[58]  Joseph Katz,et al.  Instantaneous pressure and material acceleration measurements using a four-exposure PIV system , 2006 .

[59]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  Turbulence statistics from optical whole-field measurements in particle-laden turbulence , 2006 .

[60]  Haitao Xu,et al.  The Role of Pair Dispersion in Turbulent Flow , 2006, Science.

[61]  Eberhard Bodenschatz,et al.  A quantitative study of three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking algorithms , 2006 .

[62]  Jerry Westerweel,et al.  In vivo micro particle image velocimetry measurements of blood-plasma in the embryonic avian heart. , 2006, Journal of biomechanics.

[63]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Mechanics of the turbulent-nonturbulent interface of a jet. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[64]  Ellen K. Longmire,et al.  Dual-plane PIV technique to determine the complete velocity gradient tensor in a turbulent boundary layer , 2005 .

[65]  R. Adrian.  Twenty years of particle image velocimetry , 2005 .

[66]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Experimental Observation of Nonlinear Traveling Waves in Turbulent Pipe Flow , 2004, Science.

[67]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Single-pixel resolution ensemble correlation for micro-PIV applications , 2004 .

[68]  Laurent David,et al.  Single pixel resolution correlation applied to unsteady flow measurements , 2004 .

[69]  Jun Sakakibara,et al.  High-speed scanning stereoscopic PIV for 3D vorticity measurement in liquids , 2004 .

[70]  Gabriel Acevedo-Bolton,et al.  Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis , 2003, Nature.

[71]  M. Yoda,et al.  Particle velocity field measurements in a near-wall flow using evanescent wave illumination , 2003 .

[72]  J. Westerweel,et al.  The turbulent/non-turbulent interface at the outer boundary of a self-similar turbulent jet , 2002 .

[73]  F. Scarano,et al.  Traversing field of view and AR-PIV for mid-field wake vortex investigation in a towing tank , 2002 .

[74]  S. Wereley,et al.  A microfluidic-based nanoscope , 2002 .

[75]  Markus Raffel,et al.  Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide , 2002 .

[76]  Ellen K. Longmire,et al.  Simultaneous two-phase PIV by two-parameter phase discrimination , 2002 .

[77]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Investigation of the mixing process in an axisymmetric turbulent jet using PIV and LIF , 2002 .

[78]  K. Kiger,et al.  Suspension and turbulence modification effects of solid particulates on a horizontal turbulent channel flow , 2002 .

[79]  Ronald Adrian,et al.  PIV study of small‐scale flow structure around a Rushton turbine , 2001 .

[80]  D. R. Webster,et al.  Simultaneous DPTV/PLIF measurements of a turbulent jet , 2001 .

[81]  Francisco Pereira,et al.  Defocusing digital particle image velocimetry: a 3-component 3-dimensional DPIV measurement technique. Application to bubbly flows , 2000 .

[82]  Jürgen Kompenhans,et al.  Fundamentals of multiple plane stereo particle image velocimetry , 2000 .

[83]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Advances in iterative multigrid PIV image processing , 2000 .

[84]  J. Westerweel.  Theoretical analysis of the measurement precision in particle image velocimetry , 2000 .

[85]  K. Kiger,et al.  PIV Technique for the Simultaneous Measurement of Dilute Two-Phase Flows , 2000 .

[86]  Carl D. Meinhart,et al.  Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer , 2000, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[87]  Ajay K. Prasad,et al.  Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry , 2000 .

[88]  D. Hart,et al.  PIV error correction , 2000 .

[89]  S. Wereley,et al.  A PIV Algorithm for Estimating Time-Averaged Velocity Fields , 2000 .

[90]  Ng Niels Deen,et al.  Ensemble correlation PIV applied to bubble plumes rising in a bubble column , 1999 .

[91]  A. Naqwi,et al.  Video systems for PIV recording , 1998 .

[92]  P. Moin,et al.  DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION: A Tool in Turbulence Research , 1998 .

[93]  D. Beebe,et al.  A particle image velocimetry system for microfluidics , 1998 .

[94]  T. Dracos,et al.  3D PTV and its application on Lagrangian motion , 1997 .

[95]  Ronald J. Adrian,et al.  Dynamic ranges of velocity and spatial resolution of particle image velocimetry , 1997 .

[96]  C. Brücker.  3D scanning PIV applied to an air flow in a motored engine using digital high-speed video , 1997 .

[97]  J. Westerweel.  Fundamentals of digital particle image velocimetry , 1997 .

[98]  Z. C. Liu,et al.  Distortion compensation for generalized stereoscopic particle image velocimetry , 1997 .

[99]  J. Westerweel,et al.  The effect of a discrete window offset on the accuracy of cross-correlation analysis of digital PIV recordings , 1997 .

[100]  A. Prasad,et al.  Optimization procedure for pulse separation in cross-correlation PIV , 1996 .

[101]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Measurement of fully-developed turbulent pipe flow with digital particle image velocimetry , 1996 .

[102]  D. Greenhalgh,et al.  Three-pulse digital particle image velocimetry. , 1995, Optics letters.

[103]  Richard D. Keane,et al.  Super-resolution particle imaging velocimetry , 1995 .

[104]  Paul E. Dimotakis,et al.  Image correlation velocimetry , 1995 .

[105]  L M Lourenco,et al.  On-line particle-image velocimeter: an integrated approach. , 1994, Applied optics.

[106]  Armin Gruen,et al.  Particle tracking velocimetry in three-dimensional flows , 1993, Experiments in Fluids.

[107]  J. Westerweel.  Digital particle image velocimetry: theory and application , 1993 .

[108]  Richard D. Keane,et al.  Theory of cross-correlation analysis of PIV images , 1992 .

[109]  S. K. Robinson,et al.  Coherent Motions in the Turbulent Boundary Layer , 1991 .

[110]  C. Willert,et al.  Digital particle image velocimetry , 1991 .

[111]  R. Adrian.  Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 1991 .

[112]  Richard D. Keane,et al.  Optimization of particle image velocimeters. I, Double pulsed systems , 1990 .

[113]  L. Lourenço.  Particle Image Velocimetry , 1989 .

[114]  R. Adrian.  Double exposure, multiple-field particle image velocimetry for turbulent probability density , 1988 .

[115]  R. Adrian,et al.  Image shifting technique to resolve directional ambiguity in double-pulsed velocimetry , 1986 .

[116]  R. Y. Tsai,et al.  An Efficient and Accurate Camera Calibration Technique for 3D Machine Vision , 1986, CVPR 1986.

[117]  J. Lumley,et al.  A First Course in Turbulence , 1972 .