Microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery.

Particulate drug delivery systems have become important in experimental pharmaceutics and clinical medicine. The distinction is often made between micro- and nanoparticles, being particles with dimensions best described in micrometers and nanometers respectively. That size difference entails real differences at many levels, from formulation to in vivo usage. Here I will discuss those differences and provide examples of applications, for local and systemic drug delivery. I will outline a number of challenges of interest in particulate drug delivery.

[1]  R. Langer,et al.  Large Porous Particles for Sustained Protection from Carbachol-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Guinea Pigs , 1999, Pharmaceutical Research.

[2]  Daniel G. Anderson,et al.  pH-Triggered Microparticles for Peptide Vaccination1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[3]  Robert Langer,et al.  Nanoparticle–aptamer bioconjugates for cancer targeting , 2006, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[4]  R. Langer,et al.  Biodegradable polymeric microspheres and nanospheres for drug delivery in the peritoneum. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[5]  R. Langer,et al.  pH-Triggered Release of Macromolecules from Spray-Dried Polymethacrylate Microparticles , 2003, Pharmaceutical Research.

[6]  D. Louis,et al.  Prolonged duration local anesthesia from tetrodotoxin-enhanced local anesthetic microspheres , 2003, Pain.

[7]  T. Kissel,et al.  Prevention of peritoneal adhesions in the rat with sustained intraperitoneal dexamethasone delivered by a novel therapeutic system. , 1987, Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae.

[8]  David D Spragg,et al.  Immunotargeting of liposomes to activated vascular endothelial cells: a strategy for site-selective delivery in the cardiovascular system. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  N. Plesnila,et al.  Lipid–sugar particles for intracranial drug delivery: safety and biocompatibility , 2002, Brain Research.

[10]  M. Davies,et al.  Microencapsulation using emulsification/solvent evaporation: an overview of techniques and applications. , 1990, Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems.

[11]  D. Louis,et al.  Biocompatibility of lipid-protein-sugar particles containing bupivacaine in the epineurium. , 2002, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[12]  J. M. Harris,et al.  Pegylation: a novel process for modifying pharmacokinetics. , 2001, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[13]  B. Rouse,et al.  pH sensitive liposomes provide an efficient means of sensitizing target cells to class I restricted CTL recognition of a soluble protein. , 1991, Journal of immunological methods.

[14]  R. Langer,et al.  Glucocorticoids Prolong Rat Sciatic Nerve Blockade In Vivo from Bupivacaine Microspheres , 1996, Anesthesiology.

[15]  D A Weitz,et al.  Trojan particles: Large porous carriers of nanoparticles for drug delivery , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  Robert Langer,et al.  Peritoneal application of chitosan and UV-cross-linkable chitosan. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[17]  J. Benoit,et al.  Biodegradation and brain tissue reaction to poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. , 1993, Biomaterials.

[18]  N Lotan,et al.  Large porous particles for pulmonary drug delivery. , 1997, Science.

[19]  Robert Langer,et al.  Prolonged duration local anesthesia with lipid-protein-sugar particles containing bupivacaine and dexamethasone. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[20]  C. M. Gupta,et al.  Tuftsin-bearing liposomes in treatment of macrophage-based infections. , 2000, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[21]  William A. Firestone,et al.  Complex coacervates for thermally sensitive controlled release of flavor compounds. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[22]  R. Langer,et al.  Recent advances in pulmonary drug delivery using large, porous inhaled particles. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[23]  David Putnam,et al.  Polymers for gene delivery across length scales , 2006, Nature materials.

[24]  Y. Ikada,et al.  Macrophage phagocytosis of biodegradable microspheres composed of L-lactic acid/glycolic acid homo- and copolymers. , 1988, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[25]  Daniel G. Anderson,et al.  Poly-beta amino ester-containing microparticles enhance the activity of nonviral genetic vaccines. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  R. Langer,et al.  Injectable microparticle-gel system for prolonged and localized lidocaine release. II. In vivo anesthetic effects. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[27]  K. Longmuir,et al.  Effective Targeting of Liposomes to Liver and Hepatocytes In Vivo by Incorporation of a Plasmodium Amino Acid Sequence , 2006, Pharmaceutical Research.