Crowd-Designed Motivation: Combining Personality and the Transtheoretical Model

Current approaches to design motivational technology for behavior change focus on either tailoring motivational strategies to individual preferences or on implementing strategies from behavior change theory. Our goal is to combine these two approaches and translate behavior change theory to text messages, tailored to personality. To this end, we conducted an online survey with 481 participants exploring the relationship between behavior change theory the Transtheoretical Model and personality in the context of physical activity. Our results show that 1 people's personalities correlate with their stage of change and 2 people's personalities and their stages of change correlate to preferences for certain processes of change. We discuss the implications of the results for designing motivational technology.

[1]  B. J. Fogg.  Healthy Living with Persuasive Technologies : Framework , Issues , and Challenges , 2009 .

[2]  Siddharth Suri,et al.  Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk , 2010, Behavior research methods.

[3]  Ryan E. Rhodes,et al.  Integrating five-factor model facet-level traits with the theory of planned behavior and exercise. , 2009 .

[4]  L. R. Goldberg.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKERS FOR THE BIG-FIVE FACTOR STRUCTURE , 1992 .

[5]  H. Cole-Lewis,et al.  Text messaging as a tool for behavior change in disease prevention and management. , 2010, Epidemiologic reviews.

[6]  D. Abrams,et al.  The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample. , 1992, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[7]  P. Costa,et al.  The five-factor theory of personality. , 2008 .

[8]  T. Bogg,et al.  Conscientiousness, the transtheoretical model of change, and exercise: a neo-socioanalytic integration of trait and social-cognitive frameworks in the prediction of behavior. , 2008, Journal of personality.

[9]  P. Costa,et al.  Normal Personality Assessment in Clinical Practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. , 1992 .

[10]  R. Motl,et al.  A Research Agenda to Examine the Efficacy and Relevance of the Transtheoretical Model for Physical Activity Behavior. , 2011, Psychology of sport and exercise.

[11]  Sri Hastuti Kurniawan,et al.  Mobile system to motivate teenagers' physical activity , 2010, IDC.

[12]  D. Ingledew,et al.  The role of motives in exercise participation , 2008, Psychology & health.

[13]  S. Noar,et al.  Does tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions. , 2007, Psychological bulletin.

[14]  Vanessa Evers,et al.  Crowd-Designed Motivation: Motivational Messages for Exercise Adherence Based on Behavior Change Theory , 2016, CHI.

[15]  Tugba Taskaya Temizel,et al.  The impact of individual differences on influence strategies , 2015 .

[16]  L. Spencer,et al.  Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Exercise: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of the Literature , 2006, Health promotion practice.

[17]  R. Rhodes,et al.  Personality correlates of physical activity: a review and meta-analysis , 2006, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[18]  Boris E. R. de Ruyter,et al.  Personalizing persuasive technologies: Explicit and implicit personalization using persuasion profiles , 2015, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[19]  Hamid Mukhtar,et al.  Persuading students for behavior change by determining their personality type , 2012, 2012 15th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC).

[20]  Privender Saini,et al.  Understanding user cognitions to guide the tailoring of persuasive technology-based physical activity interventions , 2009, Persuasive '09.

[21]  G. Bodenhausen,et al.  Personalized Persuasion , 2012, Psychological science.

[22]  K. Courneya,et al.  Personality correlates of exercise behavior, motives, barriers and preferences: An application of the five-factor model , 1998 .

[23]  Ryan E. Rhodes,et al.  Personality and social cognitive influences on exercise behavior: adding the activity trait to the theory of planned behavior. , 2004 .

[24]  J. Prochaska,et al.  Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. , 1983, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[25]  A. Latimer,et al.  A systematic review of three approaches for constructing physical activity messages: What messages work and what improvements are needed? , 2010, The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity.

[26]  Michela Ferron,et al.  Transtheoretical model for designing technologies supporting an active lifestyle , 2013, CHItaly '13.

[27]  M. Johnston,et al.  From Theory to Intervention: Mapping Theoretically Derived Behavioural Determinants to Behaviour Change Techniques , 2008 .

[28]  Julie A. Kientz,et al.  Personality and Persuasive Technology: An Exploratory Study on Health-Promoting Mobile Applications , 2010, PERSUASIVE.

[29]  Boris E. R. de Ruyter,et al.  Adaptive Persuasive Systems: A Study of Tailored Persuasive Text Messages to Reduce Snacking , 2012, TIIS.

[30]  Predrag V. Klasnja,et al.  Mind the theoretical gap: interpreting, using, and developing behavioral theory in HCI research , 2013, CHI.

[31]  Patrick Gallagher,et al.  Correlates of daily leisure-time physical activity in a community sample: Narrow personality traits and practical barriers. , 2013, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.