Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with adiantum capillus-veneris L leaf extract in the batch process and assessment of antibacterial activity

ABSTRACT The aqueous extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris L was used as a reducing agent in the batch method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For improving AgNP synthesis, the concentrations of metal ions solution and leaf extract were optimized in 24 h. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy, AgNPs were characterized. In the UV-Vis spectrum, the peak was observed at 453 nm, indicating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. The purity and crystalline nature of AgNPs were confirmed based on the XRD assessment. In addition, specific functional groups, which led to silver nitrate reduction in AgNP formation, were examined using FTIR. According to TEM, the average particle size was 18.4 nm in AgNPs. Antibacterial activity assays with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that AgNPs reduced bacterial growth and produced well-defined inhibition zones. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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