Vascular Imaging Techniques of the Spinal Cord.

The various imaging techniques used to depict vascular lesions of the spinal cord are described in this article with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), vascular sequences, and advantages of high-field MRI. Technical vascular protocols are discussed in computed tomography, MRI, and conventional angiography. The diverse magnetic resonance angiography protocols are presented as well as their findings, specificities, and pitfalls. A review of the vascular anatomy and the most common pathologies analyzed by magnetic resonance angiography and conventional angiography is described.

[1]  J. Dietemann,et al.  Spinal Cord Ischemia: Practical Imaging Tips, Pearls, and Pitfalls , 2015, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[2]  K. Lovblad,et al.  Neuroimaging of Diving-Related Decompression Illness: Current Knowledge and Perspectives , 2014, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[3]  S. Kanekar,et al.  Radiation-Induced Spinal Cord Hemorrhage (Hematomyelia) , 2014, Neurology international.

[4]  T. Krings,et al.  Clinical Features and Outcomes of Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations: Comparison Between Nidus and Fistulous Types , 2014, Stroke.

[5]  A. Ozanne,et al.  Risk Factors of Hematomyelia Recurrence and Clinical Outcome in Children with Intradural Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations , 2014, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[6]  J. Fasel,et al.  Focal Compression of the Upper Left Thoracic Intersegmental Arteries as a Potential Cause of Spinal Cord Ischemia , 2014, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[7]  N. Sourour,et al.  Comparison of intra-aortic computed tomography angiography to conventional angiography in the presurgical visualization of the Adamkiewicz artery: first results in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms , 2013, Neuroradiology.

[8]  J. Grattan-Smith,et al.  Spinal cord infarction following minor trauma in children: fibrocartilaginous embolism as a putative cause. , 2013, Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.

[9]  P. Lai,et al.  Non-traumatic anterior spinal cord infarction in a novice surfer: A case report , 2011, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[10]  K. Lovblad,et al.  Dynamic MR angiography (MRA) of spinal vascular diseases at 3T , 2010, European Radiology.

[11]  K. Lovblad,et al.  Brain and spine MRI artifacts at 3Tesla. , 2009, Journal of neuroradiology. Journal de neuroradiologie.

[12]  Jin-Sung Kim,et al.  Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage with spontaneous resolution. , 2009, Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.

[13]  T. Krings,et al.  Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas , 2009, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[14]  Blake A. Johnson,et al.  Selective Cervical Nerve Root Blockade: Prospective Study of Immediate and Longer Term Complications , 2009, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[15]  M. Hongo,et al.  Thoracic disk herniation with hematoma--case report. , 2008, Neurologia medico-chirurgica.

[16]  T. Hirai,et al.  Optimal contrast medium injection protocols for the depiction of the Adamkiewicz artery using 64-detector CT angiography. , 2008, Clinical radiology.

[17]  Tim Leiner,et al.  Comparison of magnetic resonance with computed tomography angiography for preoperative localization of the Adamkiewicz artery in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. , 2007, Journal of vascular surgery.

[18]  A. Thron,et al.  MR angiography of the great anterior radiculomedullary artery (Adamkiewicz artery) validated by digital subtraction angiography. , 2006, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[19]  J. V. van Engelshoven,et al.  MR angiography of the Adamkiewicz artery and anterior radiculomedullary vein: postmortem validation. , 2006, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[20]  D. Magilner,et al.  Spinal cord infarction after weight lifting. , 2006, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[21]  A. Berlis,et al.  Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to isolated spinal arteries: Rare cases with controversy about the treatment strategy. , 2006, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[22]  R. Spetzler,et al.  Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to isolated spinal artery aneurysm in four patients. , 2005, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[23]  F. Götz,et al.  Solitary spinal artery aneurysms as a rare source of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: potential etiology and treatment strategy. , 2005, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[24]  A. Thron,et al.  Spinal vascular malformations , 2005, European Radiology.

[25]  T. P. Thompson,et al.  Surfer’s Myelopathy , 2004, Spine.

[26]  K. Kuizenga,et al.  Anatomical and Pathological Considerations in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: A Reappraisal of the Vertebral Venous System , 2004, Spine.

[27]  A. Berenstein,et al.  Clinical Vascular Anatomy and Variations , 2001 .

[28]  M. Cossu,et al.  Spinal cord dysfunction from lumbar disk herniation. , 1989, Acta neurologica.

[29]  J. Friedman,et al.  Spinal Cord Infarction: Report of 8 Cases and Review of the Literature , 1989, Medicine.

[30]  P. Vautravers,et al.  [Acute lumbar spinal cord disease caused by lumbar disk hernia]. , 1986, Presse medicale.

[31]  M. Tadié,et al.  [Lumbar phelbography without catheterization. Technic, indications and results in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk herniation]. , 1979, Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires.

[32]  L. A. Gillilan.  Veins of the spinal cord , 1970, Neurology.

[33]  L. A. Gillilan.  The arterial blood supply of the human spinal cord , 1958, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[34]  G. Famularo,et al.  Warfarin-associated hematomyelia. , 2014, Internal medicine.

[35]  R. Du,et al.  Spinal glomus (type II) arteriovenous malformations: a pooled analysis of hemorrhage risk and results of intervention. , 2013, Neurosurgery.

[36]  Eiji Nakamura,et al.  Preoperative visualization of the artery of Adamkiewicz by dual-phase CT angiography in patients with aortic aneurysm. , 2011, The Kurume medical journal.

[37]  M. Tymianski,et al.  Overview of the current role of endovascular and surgical treatment in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. , 2009, Neurosurgical focus.

[38]  L. da Costa,et al.  Spinal cord vascular shunts: spinal cord vascular malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas. , 2009, Neurosurgical focus.