Priority pollutants in urban stormwater: part 2 - case of combined sewers.

This study has evaluated the quality of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 μgl(-1), while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 μgl(-1). Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation.

[1]  Christos Makropoulos,et al.  Survey of priority substances entering thirty English wastewater treatment works , 2006 .

[2]  Peter Tangney,et al.  Estimating Levels of Micropollutants in Municipal Wastewater , 2010 .

[3]  P. Garrigues,et al.  Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Coastal Marine Sediments: Case Studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) Areas , 2000 .

[4]  Guillermo Rein,et al.  Smouldering natural fires: comparison of burning dynamics in boreal peat and Mediterranean humus. , 2008 .

[5]  M. Blanchard,et al.  Persistent toxic substance inputs to the river Seine basin (France) via atmospheric deposition and urban sludge application. , 2007, The Science of the total environment.

[6]  C. Skark,et al.  The Occurrence of Glyphosate in Surface Water , 1998 .

[7]  C. Makropoulos,et al.  Sources of priority substances entering an urban wastewater catchment--trace organic chemicals. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[8]  R. Moilleron,et al.  Priority pollutants in urban stormwater: part 1 - case of separate storm sewers. , 2012, Water research.

[9]  S. Burian,et al.  Urban Wet‐Weather Flows , 2001 .

[10]  J. Choubert,et al.  On-site evaluation of the efficiency of conventional and advanced secondary processes for the removal of 60 organic micropollutants. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[11]  C. W. Schmidt,et al.  Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) as sources of sediment contamination in the lower Passaic River, New Jersey. I. Priority pollutants and inorganic chemicals , 1997 .

[12]  Damià Barceló,et al.  Quantitative analysis of polychlorinated n-alkanes in environmental samples , 2006 .

[13]  Marion Hoch,et al.  Organotin compounds in the environment — an overview , 2001 .

[14]  J Gasperi,et al.  Spatial variability of the characteristics of combined wet weather pollutant loads in Paris. , 2008, Water research.

[15]  J. Mouchel,et al.  Pesticide uses and transfers in urbanised catchments. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[16]  P S Mikkelsen,et al.  Selected stormwater priority pollutants: a European perspective. , 2007, The Science of the total environment.

[17]  Marc Chevreuili,et al.  Evaluation of the pollution by organochlorinated compounds (polychlorobiphenyls and pesticides) and metals (Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) in the water and in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha pallas) of the river Seine. , 1996 .

[18]  Ana Deletic,et al.  The first flush load of urban surface runoff , 1998 .

[19]  R. Kookana,et al.  Environmental fate of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates--a review. , 2002, Environment international.

[20]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Occurrence and removal of selected organic micropollutants at mechanical, chemical and advanced wastewater treatment plants in Norway. , 2006, Water research.

[21]  J. Gaspéri,et al.  Contributions of wastewater, runoff and sewer deposit erosion to wet weather pollutant loads in combined sewer systems. , 2010, Water research.

[22]  T D Fletcher,et al.  Stormwater quality models: performance and sensitivity analysis. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[23]  Presence of selected priority and personal care substances in an onsite bathroom greywater treatment facility. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[24]  Jerónimo Puertas,et al.  Determination of COD, BOD, and suspended solids loads during combined sewer overflow (CSO) events in some combined catchments in Spain , 2005 .

[25]  M. Gromaire,et al.  Impact of zinc roofing on urban runoff pollutant loads: the case of Paris. , 2002, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[26]  P. Arlien‐Søborg,et al.  Science of the Total Environment , 2018 .

[27]  William A. Nierenberg,et al.  Encyclopedia of environmental biology , 1995 .

[28]  R. Moilleron,et al.  Screening of priority pollutants in urban stormwater: innovative methodology , 2008 .

[29]  Michael K Stenstrom,et al.  Characteristics of Highway Stormwater Runoff in Los Angeles: Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , 2009, Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation.

[30]  Sean Comber,et al.  Heavy metals entering sewage-treatment works from domestic sources , 1996 .

[31]  H. D. Stensel,et al.  Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse , 2002 .

[32]  M. Curtis,et al.  in environmental samples , 2002 .

[33]  The contribution of domestic sources to levels of key organic and inorganic pollutants in sewage: The case of Melbourne, Australia , 1996 .

[34]  V. Rocher,et al.  Priority pollutants in surface waters and settleable particles within a densely urbanized area: case study of Paris (France). , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[35]  J. Gaspéri,et al.  Wastewater quality and pollutant loads in combined sewers during dry weather periods , 2008 .

[36]  R. B. Clark.  Water, air and soil pollution , 1972 .

[37]  Ghassan Chebbo,et al.  Partition of pollution between dissolved and particulate phases: what about emerging substances in urban stormwater catchments? , 2011, Water research.

[38]  R. Moilleron,et al.  What priority pollutants occur in stormwater and wastewater , 2010 .

[39]  A. Davis,et al.  Loading estimates of lead, copper, cadmium, and zinc in urban runoff from specific sources. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[40]  A. Cousins,et al.  Phthalates and nonylphenols in urban runoff: Occurrence, distribution and area emission factors. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[41]  S Garnaud,et al.  Contribution of different sources to the pollution of wet weather flows in combined sewers. , 2001, Water research.

[42]  L. Rossi,et al.  Urban stormwater contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and its importance for urban water systems in Switzerland. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[43]  C. Lorgeoux,et al.  Alkylphenols in atmospheric depositions and urban runoff. , 2011, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.