Transforming Growth Factor-/ Smad 3 Signaling Regulates Insulin Gene Transcription and Pancreatic Islet-Cell Function *

Huei-Min Lin, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Hariom Yadav, Anil K. Kamaraju, Eric Liu, Duan Zhigang, Anthony Vieira, Seong-Jin Kim, Heather Collins , Franz Matschinsky , David M. Harlan, Anita B. Roberts, and Sushil G. Rane From the Diabetes Branch, NIDDK, the Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, the Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine & Science, Songdo, Incheon 406-840, Korea, and the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104