The Use of Satellite Data for Mesoscale Analyses and Forecasting Applications

A new era in meteorological observation and forecasting was ushered in with the launching and orbital operations of the TIROS-1 (Television and Infrared Observation Satellite) weather satellite on 1 April 1960. TIROS successfully demonstrated the ability to provide images of the Earth’s cloud cover over remote areas of the planet on a vast scale in a timely manner from an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. Today the TIROS-N/NOAA (A-D) polar orbital satellites circle the Earth twice a day at an altitude of approximately 850 km. The instrument payload consists of the following: AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)-5-channel imaging radiometer producing visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) pictures TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) made up of three instruments: HIRS/2 (High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) SSU (Stratospheric Sounding Unit) SEM (Space Environment Monitor) DCS (Data Collection System) The VIS channel (0.55–0.90 µm) and IR channel (10.b–11.5 µm) have resolutions at the subpoint of 1 km.

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