SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF THE BLOOD VOLUME IN MAN AND DOG BY MEANS OF EVANS BLUE DYE, T1824, AND BY MEANS OF CARBON MONOXIDE. I. NORMAL SUBJECTS.

The volume of the circulating blood may, in principle, be estimated indirectly by determining the apparent volume of distribution of any substance which, upon being introduced into the circulation, does not escape from the vascular bed. All substances which have proven in any way suitable for this purpose fall into one or another of two main classes. Those of one group, such as certain dyes, are distributed mainly through the plasma, and measure plasma volume only. The most desirable dyes, such as T1824, are attached to the serum albumin (1). Those of the second group, such as carbon monoxide and radioactive iron (2), are confined mainly within the erythrocytes. This second group of substances therefore measures, primarily, cell volume. Although these substances are distributed through entirely different compartments of the total blood volume, it is possible to calculate the plasma volume from the cell volume and vice versa, if the fraction of cells in the circulating blood is simultaneously determined. It is therefore possible to measure whole blood volume by either method, and to compare the results. Were all assumptions implicit in their use correct, identical values for cell and plasma volumes should result. Any discrepancy between the values obtained by these two methods necessarily means that the assumptions underlying at least one of these methods are in error. On the other hand, the reverse proposition does not hold; to obtain identical numerical results by the two methods does not necessarily imply that they are both measuring true blood volume.

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