Astrocytes are a specific immunological target in Rasmussen's encephalitis

The current histopathological criteria of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) include the presence of T‐cell–dominated inflammation, microglial activation, neuronal loss, and astrocytic activation. An in vitro study, however, suggested glutamate receptor 3 (GluR3) antibody–mediated astrocytic loss. Therefore, we investigated astrocytic apoptosis and loss in situ.

[1]  Y. Smith,et al.  Degeneration and proliferation of astrocytes in the mouse dentate gyrus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus , 2006, Experimental Neurology.

[2]  M. Won,et al.  Epileptogenic roles of astroglial death and regeneration in the dentate gyrus of experimental temporal lobe epilepsy , 2006, Glia.

[3]  D. Sattelle,et al.  α7-Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in two patients with Rasmussen encephalitis , 2005, Neurology.

[4]  J. Cano,et al.  Kainate‐induced zinc translocation from presynaptic terminals causes neuronal and astroglial cell death and mRNA loss of BDNF receptors in the hippocampal formation and amygdala , 2005, Journal of neuroscience research.

[5]  Thomas Rülicke,et al.  Astrogliosis in epilepsy leads to overexpression of adenosine kinase, resulting in seizure aggravation. , 2005, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[6]  T. Takano,et al.  An astrocytic basis of epilepsy , 2005, Nature Medicine.

[7]  C. Elger,et al.  Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis: a European consensus statement. , 2005, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[8]  J. Cross,et al.  Absence of antibodies to glutamate receptor type 3 (GluR3) in Rasmussen encephalitis , 2004, Neurology.

[9]  C. Elger,et al.  An open study of tacrolimus therapy in Rasmussen encephalitis , 2004, Neurology.

[10]  B. Trapp,et al.  Generation and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) , 1985, Neurochemical Research.

[11]  V. Poukens,et al.  Chronic encephalitis associated with epilepsy: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[12]  H. Lassmann,et al.  In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probes: sensitive and reliable detection method applied to myelinating rat brain , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[13]  A. Pitkänen,et al.  Expression and activation of caspase 3 following status epilepticus in the rat , 2003, The European journal of neuroscience.

[14]  K. Jellinger,et al.  Preferential Loss of Myelin‐Associated Glycoprotein Reflects Hypoxia‐Like White Matter Damage in Stroke and Inflammatory Brain Diseases , 2003, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[15]  R. Spreafico,et al.  Antibodies against GluR3 peptides are not specific for Rasmussen's encephalitis but are also present in epilepsy patients with severe, early onset disease and intractable seizures , 2002, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[16]  C. Elger,et al.  The natural history of Rasmussen's encephalitis. , 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[17]  C. Elger,et al.  Destruction of neurons by cytotoxic T cells: A new pathogenic mechanism in rasmussen's encephalitis , 2002, Annals of neurology.

[18]  C. Elger,et al.  Diagnosis and staging of Rasmussen’s encephalitis by serial MRI and histopathology , 2002, Neurology.

[19]  E. Benveniste,et al.  Immune function of astrocytes , 2001, Glia.

[20]  J. Dichgans,et al.  GluR3 antibodies: Prevalence in focal epilepsy but no specificity for Rasmussen’s encephalitis , 2001, Neurology.

[21]  K. Mielke,et al.  Caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in primary hippocampal neurons following glutamate excitotoxicity. , 2001, Brain research. Molecular brain research.

[22]  M. Wunderlich,et al.  Kopfschmerzen bei neuralgischer Schulteramyotrophie , 2001 .

[23]  R. Swanson,et al.  Astrocyte glutamate transport: Review of properties, regulation, and physiological functions , 2000, Glia.

[24]  J. McNamara,et al.  GluR3 Autoantibodies Destroy Neural Cells in a Complement-Dependent Manner Modulated by Complement Regulatory Proteins , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[25]  Jon Sinclair,et al.  Astroglia and glutamate in physiology and pathology: aspects on glutamate transport, glutamate-induced cell swelling and gap-junction communication , 2000, Neurochemistry International.

[26]  C. Elger,et al.  Astrocytes in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy display changes in potassium conductances , 2000, The European journal of neuroscience.

[27]  W. P. Duprex,et al.  Measles Virus-Induced Disruption of the Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic Protein Cytoskeleton in an Astrocytoma Cell Line (U-251) , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[28]  C. Galton,et al.  Rasmussen’s syndrome in a 54 year old female: more support for an adult variant , 2000, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.

[29]  J. McNamara,et al.  Immunoglobulin G and complement immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of patients with Rasmussen’s encephalitis , 1999, Neurology.

[30]  Leif Hertz,et al.  Astrocytes: Glutamate producers for neurons , 1999, Journal of neuroscience research.

[31]  I. Fleidervish,et al.  Autoantibodies to the glutamate receptor kill neurons via activation of the receptor ion channel. , 1999, Journal of autoimmunity.

[32]  J. Leach,et al.  Improvement in adult-onset Rasmussen’s encephalitis with long-term immunomodulatory therapy , 1999, Neurology.

[33]  M. Way,et al.  Viral manipulations of the actin cytoskeleton. , 1997, Trends in microbiology.

[34]  W. Blume,et al.  Treatment of Rasmussen's syndrome with ganciclovir , 1996, Neurology.

[35]  A. Vernadakis,et al.  GLIA-NEURON INTERCOMMUNICATIONS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY , 1996, Progress in Neurobiology.

[36]  J. McNamara,et al.  Plasmapheresis in Rasmussen's encephalitis , 1996, Neurology.

[37]  S. Rogers,et al.  Glutamate receptor antibodies activate a subset of receptors and reveal an agonist binding site , 1995, Neuron.

[38]  V. Jay,et al.  Pathology of chronic herpes infection associated with seizure disorder: a report of two cases with tissue detection of herpes simplex virus 1 by the polymerase chain reaction. , 1995, Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association.

[39]  M. Ingvar,et al.  Loss of immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes as a marker for profound tissue damage in substantia nigra and basal cortical areas after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine in rat , 1994, Glia.

[40]  J. McNamara,et al.  Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis. , 1994, Science.

[41]  Antigen presentation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing studied in individual, living cells. , 1994, Virology.

[42]  H. Vinters,et al.  Herpesviruses in chronic encephalitis associated with intractable childhood epilepsy. , 1993, Human pathology.

[43]  J. Girvin,et al.  Rasmussen's chronic encephalitis in adults. , 1993, Archives of neurology.

[44]  M. Luscher,et al.  Peptide binding to class I MHC on living cells and quantitation of complexes required for CTL lysis , 1991, Nature.

[45]  F. Andermann.  Chronic Encephalitis and Epilepsy: Rasmussen's Syndrome , 1991 .

[46]  C. Imperato,et al.  Cytomegalovirus encephalitis and ganciclovir , 1991, The Lancet.

[47]  R. Root-Bernstein,et al.  Cytomegalovirus and Rasmussen's encephalitis , 1991, The Lancet.

[48]  Y. Robitaille.  Neuropathologic aspects of chronic encephalitis , 1991 .

[49]  H. Ploegh,et al.  HLA-A- and HLA-B-specific monoclonal antibodies reactive with free heavy chains in western blots, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and in cryo-immuno-electron microscopy. , 1990, International immunology.

[50]  G. F. Walter,et al.  [Detection of Epstein-Barr viruses in Rasmussen's encephalitis. Report of 2 cases]. , 1989, Der Nervenarzt.