Comparative study of wastewater treatment and nutrient recycle via activated sludge, microalgae and combination systems.

Algal-bacterial synergistic cultivation could be an optional wastewater treatment technology in temperate areas. In this study, a locally screened vigorous Chlorella strain was characterized and then it was used in a comparative study of wastewater treatment and nutrient recycle assessment via activated sludge (AS), microalgae and their combination systems. Chlorella sp. cultured with AS in light showed the best performance, in which case the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TP were 87.3%, 99.2% and 83.9%, respectively, within a short period of 1day. Algal-bacterial combination in light had the best settleability. Chlorella sp. contained biomass, could be processed to feed, fertilizer or fuel due to the improved quality (higher C/H/N) compared with sludge. PCR-DGGE analysis shows that two types of rhizobacteria, namely, Pseudomonas putida and Flavobacterium hauense were enriched in sludge when cultured with algae in light, serving as the basics for artificial consortium construction for improved wastewater treatment.

[1]  A. Hashem,et al.  Pseudomonas induces salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and resistance to Fusarium root rot through the modulation of indole-3-acetic acid , 2015, Saudi journal of biological sciences.

[2]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[3]  In-Jung Lee,et al.  Gibberellin secreting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida H-2-3 modulates the hormonal and stress physiology of soybean to improve the plant growth under saline and drought conditions. , 2014, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[4]  R. Lewin,et al.  The uptake and utilization of organic carbon by algae: an essay in comparative biochemistry* , 1974 .

[5]  Takashi Yamaguchi,et al.  Performance evaluation of the sulfur-redox-reaction-activated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and down-flow hanging sponge anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor system for municipal sewage treatment. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[6]  B. Riaño,et al.  Treatment of agro-industrial wastewater using microalgae-bacteria consortium combined with anaerobic digestion of the produced biomass. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[7]  J. Sevilla,et al.  Mixotrophic growth of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Influence of different nitrogen and organic carbon sources on productivity and biomass composition , 2005 .

[8]  M. Ike,et al.  Bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant employing conventional activated sludge process. , 2014, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[9]  Yanna Liang,et al.  Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions , 2009, Biotechnology Letters.

[10]  Xianfa Su,et al.  Impact of internal recycle ratio on nitrous oxide generation from anaerobic/anoxic/oxic biological nitrogen removal process , 2016 .

[11]  Wei Chen,et al.  A financial assessment of two alternative cultivation systems and their contributions to algae biofuel economic viability , 2014 .

[12]  Raúl Muñoz,et al.  Long-term operation of high rate algal ponds for the bioremediation of piggery wastewaters at high loading rates. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[13]  R. Sims,et al.  Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. , 2011, Biotechnology advances.

[14]  Yingkuan Wang,et al.  Semi-continuous Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris for Treating Undigested and Digested Dairy Manures , 2010, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[15]  V. Vilar,et al.  Sanitary landfill leachate treatment using combined solar photo-Fenton and biological oxidation processes at pre-industrial scale , 2013 .

[16]  D. Smallman,et al.  Factors Determining Algal Populations in Waste Stabilization Ponds and the Influence of Algae on Pond Performance , 1987 .

[17]  R. Mujeriego,et al.  High rate algal pond operating strategies for urban wastewater nitrogen removal , 2000, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[18]  Paul Chen,et al.  Cultivating Chlorella sp. in a Pilot-Scale Photobioreactor Using Centrate Wastewater for Microalgae Biomass Production and Wastewater Nutrient Removal , 2011, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[19]  Jun Zhu,et al.  Anaerobic digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[20]  Jian Zhang,et al.  Impact of COD/N ratio on nitrous oxide emission from microcosm wetlands and their performance in removing nitrogen from wastewater. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[21]  Joo-Sik Kim,et al.  Steam/oxygen gasification of dried sewage sludge in a two-stage gasifier: Effects of the steam to fuel ratio and ash of the activated carbon on the production of hydrogen and tar removal , 2015 .

[22]  Hang-sik Shin,et al.  Scenedesmus-based treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus from effluent of anaerobic digester and bio-oil production. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[23]  Wojciech Janczukowicz,et al.  Settling Properties of Activated Sludge from a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) , 2001 .

[24]  Annelies Beuckels,et al.  Nitrogen availability influences phosphorus removal in microalgae-based wastewater treatment. , 2015, Water research.

[25]  Tony L. T. Zhan,et al.  Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the Changan landfill, China , 2014 .

[26]  S. Lukin,et al.  Experimental and mathematical simulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plant interaction under cadmium stress , 2002, Plant and Soil.

[27]  Carbon metabolism and energy conversion of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 under mixotrophic conditions: comparison with photoautotrophic condition , 2012, Journal of Applied Phycology.