Gain enhancement by moving gratings in a photorefractive polymer

Abstract The use of moving gratings allows dramatic enhancement of the two-beam coupling gain in a photorefractive polymer. The advantage of using multi-layer structures to increase the effective interaction length is also demonstrated and a small signal optical amplification as large as 500 is achieved using a three-layer sample, the highest reported to date in a photorefractive polymer. From an investigation of the time dependence and detuning frequency dependence, we determine that hole conduction is dominant and that the mobility life-time product reaches μ τ =3×10 −10 cm 2 /V at an applied electric field E 0 =71 V/μm.

[1]  J. C. Scott,et al.  Photoconductivity studies of photorefractive polymers , 1992 .

[2]  Laszlo Solymar,et al.  Transient Energy Transfer during Hologram Formation in Photorefractive Crystals , 1985 .

[3]  W. D. Gill.  Drift mobilities in amorphous charge‐transfer complexes of trinitrofluorenone and poly‐n‐vinylcarbazole , 1972 .

[4]  Amnon Yariv,et al.  Optical limiters using photorefractive nonlinearities , 1985 .

[5]  Bolink,et al.  Holographic time-of-flight measurements of the hole-drift mobility in a photorefractive polymer. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[6]  Henri Rajbenbach,et al.  Wave Mixing In Photorefractive Bismuth Silicon Oxide Crystals And Its Applications , 1985 .

[7]  Anders Grunnet-Jepsen,et al.  The Physics and Applications of Photorefractive Materials , 1997 .

[8]  N. Peyghambarian,et al.  A photorefractive polymer with high optical gain and diffraction efficiency near 100% , 1994, Nature.

[9]  S. Stepanov,et al.  “Running” holograms in photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystals , 1982 .

[10]  P.M. Lundquist,et al.  Holographic data storage in photorefractive polymers , 1996, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[11]  W. E. Moerner,et al.  Orientationally enhanced photorefractive effect in polymers , 1994 .

[12]  S Weiss,et al.  Beam coupling and locking of lasers using photorefractive four-wave mixing. , 1986, Optics letters.

[13]  Scott,et al.  Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer. , 1991, Physical review letters.

[14]  Henri Rajbenbach,et al.  Two‐beam coupling in photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystals with moving grating: Theory and experiments , 1985 .

[15]  W. E. Moerner,et al.  Optical Limiting in a Photorefractive Polymer , 1997 .

[16]  P. M. Lundquist,et al.  Organic Glasses: A New Class of Photorefractive Materials , 1996, Science.

[17]  H. Bässler.  Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Photoconductors a Monte Carlo Simulation Study , 1993 .

[18]  W. E. Moerner,et al.  High performance photorefractive polymer with improved stability , 1997 .

[19]  H. Bässler,et al.  The transition from nondispersive to dispersive charge transport in vapor deposited films of 1-phenyl-3-p-diethylamino-styryl-5-p-diethylphenylpyrazoline (DEASP) , 1993 .