Magnesium Intake, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes

Magnesium is one of essential minerals abundant in whole grains, green leafy vegetables, legumes, and nuts . Accumulating evidence suggests that adequate magnesium intake is important in maintaining glucose and insulin homeostasis and thereby in protecting against the development of type 2 diabetes. Observational evidence, primarily from cross-sectional studies, has shown that low dietary magnesium intake are inversely related to glucose intolerance and/or insulin resistance. Results from prospective studies of magnesium intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes have been generally consistent; however, there are as yet no clinical trials examining the efficacy of magnesium supplementation or consumption of major magnesium-rich foods on the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. The efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation as adjunct therapy in improving glycemic control among non-diabetic or diabetic patients has been suggested in some small randomized clinical trials.  In addition, r ecent evidence from human population data suggested that common variants of two genes (ion channel transient receptor potential membrane melastatin 6 and 7, TRPM6 and TRPM7) critical for magnesium homeostasis may confer a susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in individuals with inadequate magnesium intake, although further replication in large-scale studies is warranted. This presentation provides an overview of the current evidence linking magnesium intake to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes from observational studies to intervention trials.

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