THE NATAL AND BREEDING DISPERSAL OF BIRDS

"The question of the return of birds to their homes is one of perennial interest. How faithfully do adult birds-males and females return to their territories? How far from their birth place do young birds settle? Over how much ground does one family scatter?" (91). Over 40 years ago, ornithologists studying the movement of birds in relation to their birth and breeding sites were preoccupied with estimating the extent of mixing of individuals within a species's range. There were major disagreements about how far young birds dispersed. Some authors felt that young birds did not tend to return to their birthplaces (101) but selected a nesting site anywhere within the species's natural range (27, 81). Others concluded that birds attempting to breed for the first time did, on the whole, return to their birthplaces though the extent of this fidelty was less than that of adults to their previous breeding sites (36, 69, 70, 91). It was generally agreed that adult birds did return to a previous breeding place. Gradually the position of the supporters of the random dispersal theory was undermined as more data accumulated and methodological problems of measuring dispersal came to be better appreciated. A number of longterm studies were reported between the late 1930s and the early 1950s (4,

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