ICX: A custom VLSI–chip for engine control

In this paper a custom VLSI–chip for engine control is presented. It autonomously executes the actuator commands for fuel injection and for spark in real time without creating any interrupt signals to the microprocessor. The scheme of operation is memory–mapped output without any timing restrictions imposed by handshaking. This CMOS chip has been designed and put in operation in the automotive research lab of the Measurement and Control Laboratory at ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.