Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study

The measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) has prognostic value with respect to all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, and is an important part of the evaluation of frailty. Published reference ranges for HGS are mostly derived from Caucasian populations in high‐income countries. There is a paucity of information on normative HGS values in non‐Caucasian populations from low‐ or middle‐income countries. The objective of this study was to develop reference HGS ranges for healthy adults from a broad range of ethnicities and socioeconomically diverse geographic regions.

[1]  S. Anker,et al.  Ethical guidelines for publishing in the journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle: update 2017 , 2017, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle.

[2]  D. Kiel,et al.  Dietary Protein Intake Is Protective Against Loss of Grip Strength Among Older Adults in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. , 2016, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[3]  Stephan von Haehling,et al.  Ethical guidelines for publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle: update 2015 , 2015, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle.

[4]  Khalid Yusoff,et al.  Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study , 2015, The Lancet.

[5]  Inger Holm,et al.  Health-related physical fitness measures: reference values and reference equations for use in clinical practice. , 2014, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[6]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Association of handgrip strength to cardiovascular mortality in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: a subanalysis of the ORIGIN trial. , 2014, International journal of cardiology.

[7]  O. Donoghue,et al.  Normative Values of Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing , 2013, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[8]  F. Rasmussen,et al.  Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants , 2012, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[9]  Robert Allen,et al.  Age-associated changes in hand grip and quadriceps muscle strength ratios in healthy adults , 2012, Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.

[10]  D. Mellström,et al.  Population-based reference values of handgrip strength and functional tests of muscle strength and balance in men aged 70-80 years. , 2011, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[11]  Avan Aihie Sayer,et al.  A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. , 2011, Age and ageing.

[12]  Richard W. Bohannon,et al.  Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study , 2011, BMC Research Notes.

[13]  L. Moreno,et al.  Influence of socioeconomic factors on fitness and fatness in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study. , 2010, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[14]  Salim Yusuf,et al.  The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. , 2009, American heart journal.

[15]  F. Rasmussen,et al.  Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men. , 2009, International journal of epidemiology.

[16]  M. D. de Vasconcellos,et al.  Reference values of handgrip dynamometry of healthy adults: a population-based study. , 2008, Clinical nutrition.

[17]  Fumiyoshi Kasagi,et al.  Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. , 2007, The American journal of medicine.

[18]  Kaare Christensen,et al.  Age trajectories of grip strength: cross-sectional and longitudinal data among 8,342 Danes aged 46 to 102. , 2006, Annals of epidemiology.

[19]  Luigi Ferrucci,et al.  Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[20]  L. Talbot,et al.  Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men. , 2002, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[21]  Laura Ray,et al.  Handgrip Strength and Mortality in Older Mexican Americans , 2002, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[22]  S. Hunsberger,et al.  Prediction equations for handgrip strength in healthy Indian male and female subjects encompassing a wide age range , 2002, Annals of human biology.

[23]  M. Samson,et al.  Relationships between physical performance measures, age, height and body weight in healthy adults. , 2000, Age and ageing.

[24]  Suzanne G. Leveille,et al.  Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[25]  P S Shetty,et al.  Maximal voluntary contraction as a functional indicator of adult chronic undernutrition , 1996, British Journal of Nutrition.

[26]  H. Yanagawa,et al.  Physical-strength tests and mortality among visitors to health-promotion centers in Japan. , 1995, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[27]  V. Mathiowetz,et al.  Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. , 1985, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[28]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Ethnicity‐related skeletal muscle differences across the lifespan , 2010, American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council.

[29]  Tamara B Harris,et al.  Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. , 2006, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[30]  L. Fried,et al.  Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.