Field intercomparison of precipitation measurements performed within the framework of the Pan European Intensive Monitoring Program of EU/ICP Forest.

A 6-month field intercomparison study on precipitation measurements was performed at Schagerbrug near the west coast in the Netherlands. Twenty bulk sampling systems and two wet-only samplers were evaluated on accuracy, sampling strategy and performance under field conditions. Bulk precipitation fluxes of NO3-, NH4+, H+ and Kjeldahl-N generally could be determined with a greater accuracy than bulk precipitation fluxes of SO4(2-), Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, Alkalinity and H+. Bulk precipitation fluxes of K+ generally had the lowest accuracy. Only 20% of the sampling systems differed less than 10% from the best estimate, whereas most systems (60%) differed more than 20% from the best estimate. The inaccuracy induced by the sampling system appeared to be much larger than that resulting from the analysis of the samples by different laboratories as determined by ring-tests.

[1]  W.W.P. Jans,et al.  Above ground biomass of adult Douglas fir : a data set collected in Garderen and Kootwijk from 1986 onwards , 1994 .

[2]  J. Slanina,et al.  The influence of outliers on results of wet deposition measurements as a function of measurement strategy. , 1990 .

[3]  An assessment of performance of wet atmospheric deposition samplers part 2. Validation of siting criteria , 1990 .

[4]  A. Thimonier.  Measurement of Atmospheric Deposition Under Forest Canopies: Some Recommendations for Equipment and Sampling Design , 1998 .

[5]  T. Meyers,et al.  A comparison of models for deriving dry deposition fluxes of O3 and SO2 to a forest canopy , 1988 .

[6]  Werner Stumm,et al.  Fresh Water and Ocean. (Book Reviews: Aquatic Chemistry. An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters) , 1982 .

[7]  R. Tettamanti,et al.  The effect of orifice rim thickness on the wind speed above precipitation gauges , 1994 .

[8]  J. Erisman,et al.  Nitrogen deposition and effects on European forests , 2000 .

[9]  Gert Jan Reinds,et al.  Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe: 1. Objectives, set-up and evaluation strategy , 2003 .

[10]  W. Ivens.  Atmospheric deposition onto forests : an analysis of the deposition variability by means of throughfall measurements , 1990 .

[11]  D. Zwart,et al.  Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe; technical report 2002 , 1997 .

[12]  G. J. Heij,et al.  Acidification research in the Netherlands , 1991 .