Near fields and far fields excited by small- and large-scale fluctuations in the surface height, permittivity, and permeability of the medium

A full wave approach is developed to analyze the scattered electromagnetic fields due to fluctuations in the surface height and/or electromagnetic medium parameters such as the complex electric permittivity, conductivity, and magnetic permeability. Since the scales of the medium fluctuations considered could be significantly smaller or larger than the electromagnetic wavelengths, the familiar perturbation and physical/geometrical optics techniques based on the Kirckhoff approximations of the fields on the boundaries cannot be used nor is it possible to investigate sub- wavelength structures based on far-field measurements.

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