Inter‐rater reliability of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS)

We assessed the inter‐rater reliability of the 100‐point International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Three neurologists independently rated videotaped ICARS examinations of 22 subjects with genetically determined ataxias (spinocerebellar ataxia [SCA] Type 1 in 11; SCA Type 2 in 1; Friedreich's ataxia in 10) and 4 controls. Scores on live ICARS assessment had ranged from 0 to 7 for controls and 11 to 74 for ataxic subjects (clinically very mildly affected to wheelchair‐bound). Inter‐rater correlation was very high for the total score (Kendall's ω 0.994, 95% confidence interval, 0.988–0.997), and high to very high for each component subscore (0.791 for speech to 0.994 for posture/gait). All correlations were significant at P < 0.00001. The ICARS exhibits very high inter‐rater reliability even without prior observer standardisation and is sensitive to a range of ataxia severities from very mild to severe. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society

[1]  R. Iacono,et al.  The hypothalamus in Parkinson Disease , 1987, The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences.

[2]  C. Mariani,et al.  Body weight gain rate in patients with Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation , 2003, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[3]  Richard P Allen,et al.  Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. , 2003, Sleep medicine.

[4]  C Trenkwalder,et al.  The Parkinson’s disease sleep scale: a new instrument for assessing sleep and nocturnal disability in Parkinson’s disease , 2002, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[5]  W. Poewe,et al.  Application of the International Cooperative Ataxia Scale rating in multiple system atrophy , 2002, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[6]  Vincent Dousset,et al.  Lack of agreement between direct magnetic resonance imaging and statistical determination of a subthalamic target: the role of electrophysiological guidance. , 2002, Journal of neurosurgery.

[7]  K. Marder,et al.  Body mass index in essential tremor. , 2002, Archives of neurology.

[8]  Niels Sunde,et al.  Effects of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with severe Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations , 2002, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[9]  J. Kulisevsky,et al.  Ganancia ponderal después de la cirugía funcional en la enfermedad de Parkinson , 2002 .

[10]  R. Brown,et al.  Behavioural disorders, Parkinson's disease, and subthalamic stimulation , 2002, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[11]  Y Agid,et al.  Behavioural disorders, Parkinson's disease and subthalamic stimulation , 2002, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[12]  A. Bentivoglio,et al.  Long-term follow up of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease. , 2002, Neurology.

[13]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Sleep symptoms and polysomnographic architecture in advanced Parkinson's disease after chronic bilateral subthalamic stimulation , 2002, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[14]  Y. Agid,et al.  Parkinson’s disease and sleepiness: An integral part of PD , 2002, Neurology.

[15]  K. Nakashima,et al.  Double-blind crossover study of branched-chain amino acid therapy in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration , 2002, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[16]  G Klösch,et al.  Normal IPT and IBZM SPECT in drug naive and levodopa-treated idiopathic restless legs syndrome. , 2001, Neurology.

[17]  J. Kulisevsky,et al.  [Weight gain after functional surgery for Parkinsons disease]. , 2002, Neurologia.

[18]  K. Chaudhuri,et al.  Achieving 24-Hour Control of Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms: Use of Objective Measures to Improve Nocturnal Disability , 2001, European Neurology.

[19]  T. Wetter,et al.  Normal IPT and IBZM SPECT in drug-naive and levodopa-treated idiopathic restless legs syndrome , 2001, Neurology.

[20]  M. Hamida,et al.  Effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients with ataxia with vitamin E deficiency , 2001, European journal of neurology.

[21]  K. Tashiro,et al.  Clinical trial of acetazolamide in SCA6, with assessment using the Ataxia Rating Scale and body stabilometry , 2001, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[22]  H. Gin,et al.  Energy expenditure following oral glucose load in ten uremic patients before and after three months on a ketoacid-supplemented very-low-protein diet. , 2001, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[23]  N W Wood,et al.  DYT13, a novel primary torsion dystonia locus, maps to chromosome 1p36.13–36.32 in an Italian family with cranial‐cervical or upper limb onset , 2001, Annals of neurology.

[24]  P. Perozzo,et al.  Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: Clinical effectiveness and safety , 2001, Neurology.

[25]  V Sturm,et al.  Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD , 2001, Neurology.

[26]  Jean Logan,et al.  Brain dopamine and obesity , 2001, The Lancet.

[27]  R. Allen,et al.  CSF dopamine, serotonin, and biopterin metabolites in patients with restless legs syndrome , 2001, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[28]  Winkelmann,et al.  Opioid and dopamine antagonist drug challenges in untreated restless legs syndrome patients. , 2001, Sleep medicine.

[29]  Y. Agid,et al.  Improvement of sleep architecture in PD with subthalamic nucleus stimulation , 2000, Neurology.

[30]  M. Kitahara,et al.  Voiding dysfunction and Parkinson's disease: urodynamic abnormalities and urinary symptoms. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[31]  Y. Agid,et al.  Hallucinations, REM sleep, and Parkinson’s disease , 2000, Neurology.

[32]  J. Molinuevo,et al.  Levodopa withdrawal after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease. , 2000, Archives of neurology.

[33]  R. Allen,et al.  Defining the phenotype of the restless legs syndrome (RLS) using age-of-symptom-onset. , 2000, Sleep medicine.

[34]  J. Jankovic,et al.  Weight gain following unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease , 2000, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[35]  A. Bentivoglio,et al.  Italian family with cranial cervical dystonia: Clinical and genetic study , 1999, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[36]  D. Maraganore,et al.  Primary torsion dystonia: the search for genes is not over , 1999, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[37]  T. Baptista.  Body weight gain induced by antipsychotic drugs: mechanisms and management , 1999, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[38]  P. Remy,et al.  Core assessment program for surgical interventional therapies in Parkinson's disease (CAPSIT‐PD) , 1999, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[39]  S. Chokroverty,et al.  Positron emission tomographic studies in restless legs syndrome , 1999, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[40]  C. Marsden,et al.  The role of DYT1 in primary torsion dystonia in Europe. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[41]  A. Benabid,et al.  Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  X. Breakefield,et al.  Clinical and genetic evaluation of a family with a mixed dystonia phenotype from south tyrol , 1998, Annals of neurology.

[43]  F. Gabreëls,et al.  Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. , 1998, Clinical chemistry.

[44]  A Dürr,et al.  Eye movement abnormalities correlate with genotype in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I , 1998, Annals of neurology.

[45]  D. Beckley,et al.  Restless leg syndrome exacerbated by sertraline. , 1998, Psychosomatics.

[46]  B. Day,et al.  Influence of vision on upper limb reaching movements in patients with cerebellar ataxia. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[47]  R. Benecke,et al.  Frequency of familial inheritance among 488 index patients with idiopathic focal dystonia and clinical variability in a large family , 1997, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[48]  M. Brin,et al.  Idiopathic torsion dystonia linked to chromosome 8 in two mennonite families , 1997, Annals of neurology.

[49]  N. Risch,et al.  The early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) encodes an ATP-binding protein , 1997, Nature Genetics.

[50]  K. Sakajiri,et al.  [Body fat loss in patients with Parkinson's disease]. , 1997, Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.

[51]  J. Saint-Cyr,et al.  Neuropsychological and behavioral changes and weight gain after medial pallidotomy , 1997, Annals of neurology.

[52]  A. Bentivoglio,et al.  Non-DYT1 dystonia in a large Italian family. , 1997, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[53]  M. Hallett,et al.  International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome , 1997, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[54]  E. Poehlman,et al.  Free-living Daily Energy Expenditure in Patients with Parkinson's Disease , 1997, Neurology.

[55]  P. Keck,et al.  Uncoupling of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in depression: Preliminary evidence from continuous cerebrospinal fluid sampling , 1997, Depression and anxiety.

[56]  R. Bakshi.  Fluoxetine and restless legs syndrome , 1996, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[57]  N. Risch,et al.  Exclusion of the DYT1 locus in familial torticollis , 1996, Annals of neurology.

[58]  R. Benecke,et al.  Idiopathic torsion dystonia: assignment of a gene to chromosome 18p in a German family with adult onset, autosomal dominant inheritance and purely focal distribution. , 1996, Human molecular genetics.

[59]  K. Blennow,et al.  Decreased Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Monoamine Metabolites in Vascular Dementia , 1996, International Psychogeriatrics.

[60]  M. Hallett,et al.  Single-joint rapid arm movements in normal subjects and in patients with motor disorders. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[61]  D. Michalek,et al.  Weight change and body composition in patients with Parkinson's disease. , 1995, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[62]  L Forsgren,et al.  Adult onset idiopathic torsion dystonia is excluded from the DYT 1 region (9q34) in a Swedish family. , 1995, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[63]  S. Fahn,et al.  Spread of symptoms in idiopathic torsion dystonia , 1995, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[64]  D King,et al.  A study of the nutritional status of elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. , 1994, Age and ageing.

[65]  R. Bartrons,et al.  Cerebrospinal monoamine metabolites and amino acid content in patients with parkinsonian syndrome and rats lesioned with MPP+ , 1994, Journal of neural transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section.

[66]  M Richards,et al.  Interrater reliability of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor examination , 1994, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[67]  M. Altemus,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in fluoxetine-treated patients with major depression and in healthy volunteers , 1993, Biological Psychiatry.

[68]  J. Askenasy,et al.  Sleep in Parkinson’s Disease , 2022, Sleep and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

[69]  H. Kremer,et al.  Lewy bodies in the lateral hypothalamus: Do they imply neuronal loss? , 1993, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[70]  D. Maraganore,et al.  Adult onset familial cervical dystonia: Report of a family including monozygotic twins , 1993, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[71]  A. Tomkins,et al.  Increased prevalence of undernutrition in Parkinson's disease and its relationship to clinical disease parameters , 1993, Journal of neural transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section.

[72]  A. González-Quevedo,et al.  Monoamine metabolites in normal human cerebrospinal fluid and in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. , 1993, Boletin de estudios medicos y biologicos.

[73]  A. Tomkins,et al.  Diet, body size and micronutrient status in Parkinson's disease. , 1992, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[74]  A. Tomkins,et al.  Raised resting energy expenditure in Parkinson's disease and its relationship to muscle rigidity. , 1992, Clinical science.

[75]  A. Tomkins,et al.  Increased energy expenditure in Parkinson's disease. , 1990, BMJ.

[76]  I. Shimoyama,et al.  The finger-tapping test. A quantitative analysis. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[77]  N. A. Blackburn,et al.  The nighttime problems of Parkinson's disease. , 1988, Clinical neuropharmacology.

[78]  T. H. Burnstine,et al.  Movement Disorders 2 , 1988, Neurology.

[79]  P. Willner,et al.  Behavioural microanalysis of the role of dopamine in amphetamine anorexia , 1988, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[80]  J. Kaye,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine markers are decreased in dementia of the Alzheimer type with extrapyramidal features , 1988, Neurology.

[81]  T. Lohman,et al.  Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual , 1988 .

[82]  S. Fahn.  Members of the UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale , 1987 .

[83]  S. I. Kramer,et al.  Assessment of Tardive Dyskinesia Using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale , 1985, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[84]  C. Marsden,et al.  Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias , 1985, Neurology.

[85]  Y. Agid,et al.  Biochemistry of the hypothalamus in Parkinson's disease , 1984, Neurology.

[86]  H. Diener,et al.  Quantification of postural sway in normals and patients with cerebellar diseases. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[87]  C. Marsden,et al.  Idiopathic torsion dystonia (dystonia musculorum deformans). A review of forty-two patients. , 1974, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[88]  A. Beck,et al.  An inventory for measuring depression. , 1961, Archives of general psychiatry.