Heterochromatic fusion nystagmus: Its use in estimating chromatic equiluminance in humans and monkeys

The use of chromatic patterns that are equated for luminance has become increasingly popular in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of visual processing. The currently available techniques for equating different colors for brightness rely upon human reports of perceptual events that are reduced at some luminance ratio. We report here the results of a study using a technique we have recently developed that produces a vivid and compelling motion percept only at isoluminance. That is, unlike previous methods, this technique relies upon a perceptual event (motion) that actually becomes more salient at isoluminance. We also observed that the optokinesis generated by the moving pattern mirrors the perceptual reports at all luminance ratios. If used in this manner, the technique can provide an estimate of chromatic isoluminance in a variety of species and can be used to corroborate a human subject's perceptual experience.

[1]  R. L. Valois,et al.  Psychophysical studies of monkey vision. I. Macaque luminosity and color vision tests. , 1974, Vision research.

[2]  S. M. Luria,et al.  Color-mixture functions at low luminance levels. , 1964, Vision research.

[3]  N. Logothetis,et al.  Functions of the colour-opponent and broad-band channels of the visual system , 1990, Nature.

[4]  B. Richmond,et al.  Implantation of magnetic search coils for measurement of eye position: An improved method , 1980, Vision Research.

[5]  D. Fender,et al.  The interaction of color and luminance in stereoscopic vision. , 1972, Investigative ophthalmology.

[6]  H. Ives.  XC. Studies in the photometry of lights of different colours.—IV. The addition of luminosities of different colour , 1912 .

[7]  V. S. RAMACHANDRAN,et al.  Does colour provide an input to human motion perception? , 1978, Nature.

[8]  P. Cavanagh,et al.  A minimum motion technique for judging equiluminance , 1983 .

[9]  N. Logothetis,et al.  Perceptual deficits and the activity of the color-opponent and broad-band pathways at isoluminance. , 1990, Science.

[10]  J. Kru¨ger.  Responses to wavelength contrast in the afferent visual systems of the cat and the rhesus monkey , 1979, Vision Research.

[11]  R M Boynton,et al.  Vision: The Additivity Law Made To Work for Heterochromatic Photometry with Bipartite Fields , 1968, Science.

[12]  Optokinetic technique for measuring infants' responses to color. , 1987, Applied optics.

[13]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Comparison of four methods of heterochromatic photometry. , 1972, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[14]  C. D. Weert.  Colour contours and stereopsis , 1979, Vision Research.

[15]  A. Fuchs,et al.  Relationship between eye acceleration and retinal image velocity during foveal smooth pursuit in man and monkey. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[16]  W. D. Wright,et al.  The spectral sensitivity of the fovea and extrafovea in the Purkinje range , 1943, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[17]  Takao Sato,et al.  Reversed apparent motion with random dot patterns , 1989, Vision Research.

[18]  H. Collewijn,et al.  Precise recording of human eye movements , 1975, Vision Research.

[19]  P. Lennie,et al.  Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[20]  DH Hubel,et al.  Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[21]  Nikos K. Logothetis,et al.  The responses of middle temporal (MT) neurons to isoluminant stimuli , 1989 .

[22]  P. Cavanagh,et al.  Equiluminance: spatial and temporal factors and the contribution of blue-sensitive cones. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[23]  T D Albright,et al.  A new technique for estimating chromatic isoluminance in humans and monkeys , 1990, Visual Neuroscience.

[24]  D. Maurer,et al.  A new test of luminous efficiency for babies. , 1989, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[25]  Trichur Raman Vidyasagar,et al.  The responses of cells in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to sinusoidal gratings. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[26]  D. Teller,et al.  Motion nulls for white versus isochromatic gratings in infants and adults. , 1989, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[27]  P. Gouras,et al.  Responses of cells in foveal visual cortex of the monkey to pure color contrast. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[28]  M. Ikeda,et al.  Mesopic luminous-efficiency functions. , 1981, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[29]  D. Robinson,et al.  A METHOD OF MEASURING EYE MOVEMENT USING A SCLERAL SEARCH COIL IN A MAGNETIC FIELD. , 1963, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[30]  D. Macleod,et al.  Flicker photometric study of chromatic adaption: selective suppression of cone inputs by colored backgrounds. , 1981, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[31]  S. Anstis,et al.  Illusory reversal of visual depth and movement during changes of contrast , 1975, Vision Research.

[32]  N. Logothetis,et al.  The minimum motion technique applied to determine isoluminance in psychophysical experiments with monkeys , 1990, Vision Research.

[33]  D. C. Van Essen,et al.  Concurrent processing streams in monkey visual cortex , 1988, Trends in Neurosciences.

[34]  P. Cavanagh,et al.  Screening for color blindness using optokinetic nystagmus. , 1984, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[35]  N. Mott,et al.  The metal-non-metal transition in nickel sulphide (NiS) , 1971 .

[36]  O E Favreau,et al.  Perceived velocity of moving chromatic gratings. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[37]  S. Anstis,et al.  Phi movement as a subtraction process. , 1970, Vision research.

[38]  T. Troscianko,et al.  A technique for presenting isoluminant stimuli using a microcomputer. , 1985, Spatial vision.