Emulsion formation and stability

PREFACE EMULSION FORMATION, STABILITY, AND RHEOLOGY Introduction Industrial Applications of Emulsions Physical Chemistry of Emulsion Systems Thermodynamics of Emulsion Formation and Breakdown Interaction Energies (Forces) between Emulsion Droplets and Their Combinations Adsorption of Surfactants at the Liquid/Liquid Interface Selection of Emulsifiers Creaming or Sedimentation of Emulsions Flocculation of Emulsions Ostwald Ripening Emulsion Coalescence Rheology of Emulsions Bulk Rheology of Emulsions Viscoelastic Properties of Concentrated Emulsions EMULSION FORMATION IN MEMBRANE AND MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES Introduction Membrane Emulsification (ME) Microfluidic Junctions and Flow-Focusing Devices Microfluidic Devices with Parallel Microchannel Arrays Glass Capillary Microfluidic Devices Application of Droplets Formed in Membrane and Microfluidic Devices Conclusions ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF IONIC SURFACTANTS AT WATER/HEXANE INTERFACE OBTAINED BY PAT AND ODBA Introduction Experimental Tools Theory Results Summary MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES APPLICABLE TO THE INVESTIGATION OF EMULSION FORMATION DURING PROCESSING Introduction Online Droplet Size Measurement Techniques Techniques Investigating Droplet Coalescence Concluding Remarks EMULSIFICATION IN ROTOR - STATOR MIXERS Introduction Classification and Applications of Rotor - Stator Mixers Engineering Description of Emulsification/Dispersion Processes Advanced Analysis of Emulsification/Dispersion Processes in Rotor - Stator Mixers Conclusion FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PROPERTY CONTROL OF PARAFFIN EMULSIONS Introduction Surfactant Systems Used in Formulation of Paraffin Emulsions Formation and Characterization of Paraffin Emulsions Control of Particle Size Stability of Paraffin Emulsions Conclusions POLYMERIC O/W NANO-EMULSIONS OBTAINED BY THE PHASE INVERSION COMPOSITION (PIC) METHOD FOR BIOMEDICAL NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION Introduction Phase Inversion Emulsification Methods Aspects on the Choice of the Components Ethylcellulose Nano-Emulsions for Nanoparticle Preparation Final Remarks RHEOLOGY AND STABILITY OF STERICALLY STABILIZED EMULSIONS Introduction General Classification of Polymeric Surfactants Interaction between Droplets Containing Adsorbed Polymeric Surfactant Layers: Steric Stabilization Emulsions Stabilized by Polymeric Surfactants Principles of Rheological Techniques Rheology of Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions Stabilized with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) INDEX